Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potential of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterials, specifically BCP reinforced with yttria-stabilized zirconia (BCP/YTZP), as bone substitutes for orthopedic applications. The primary objective was to examine their biodegradation behavior and mechanism under simulated physiological conditions.

Methods: Biodegradation experiments were conducted on both BCP/YTZP and pure BCP. Weight changes and calcium ion release were monitored in simulated extracellular environments. Morphological changes, including the formation and distribution of degradation pits, were evaluated to assess the degradation characteristics and mechanical integrity of the materials over time.

Results: All samples demonstrated an initial weight gain followed by a decrease, suggesting a combination of calcium phosphate precipitation and sample degradation. Notably, the BCP/YTZP composites exhibited smaller and more uniformly distributed degradation pits compared to pure BCP, which indicates potential advantages in maintaining mechanical integrity during the degradation process.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that BCP/YTZP materials hold promise as robust bone substitutes with enhanced mechanical performance and biocompatibility. Their improved degradation profile may contribute to longer functional lifespans in orthopedic applications. Further research should focus on optimizing the composition and processing of these composites to better meet the clinical demands of orthopedic healthcare.