Functional Outcome of Management by Intramedullary Interlocking Nailing for Extra-Articular Distal Tibial Fractures in Adults

Document Type : RESEARCH PAPER

Authors

1 GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

2 Community Medicine, Gayatri Vidya Parishad Institute of Health Care and Medical Technology,Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

10.22038/abjs.2025.88106.3991

Abstract

Objectives: Extra-articular distal tibial fractures (EADTFs) are commonly associated with fibular fractures in approximately 85% of cases and present unique challenges due to their unstable nature and propensity for complications such as malunion, delayed union, non-union, and soft tissue compromise. This study aimed to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of intramedullary interlocking nailing (IMN) in the management of EADTFs.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 30 patients diagnosed with extra-articular distal tibial fractures, who underwent intramedullary nailing at a tertiary care center. Radiographic assessments included time to union, loss of reduction, and angular malalignment. Diagnostic criteria for consistent bony union, non-union, delayed union, and malunion were applied. Functional outcomes were measured using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system during follow-up evaluations.
Results: Of the 30 patients included, the mean age was 41.6 ± 15.6 years, with a male predominance (73.3%). Based on the AOFAS score, 26.7% of patients achieved an excellent outcome, 56.7% had good outcomes, and 16.6% had fair outcomes. No patient recorded a poor outcome. Radiologically, the mean time to union was 18.5 ± 2.2 weeks. Malunion occurred in 6.7% of cases, while there were no instances of delayed union, non-union, or infection reported.
Conclusion: Intramedullary interlocking nailing is a reliable and effective treatment modality for extra-articular distal tibial fractures, offering favorable functional outcomes and a low complication rate. The technique demonstrates consistent union rates and minimal risk of infection or non-union, reinforcing its role as a preferred management strategy in appropriately selected cases.
        Level of evidence: IV

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
Volume 14, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 129-134

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History

  • Receive Date: 09 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 06 September 2025
  • Accept Date: 07 September 2025

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