1. Learmonth ID, Young C, Rorabeck C. The operation of the
century: total hip replacement. Lancet. 2007; 370:1508–19.
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60457-7.
2. Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. Projections of
primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United
States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;
89:780–5. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.F.00222.
3. Kelmer G, Stone AH, Turcotte J, King PJ. Reasons for Revision:
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Mechanisms of Failure. J Am
Acad Orthop Surg. 2021; 29:78–87. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D19-00860.
4. Sayed-Noor AS, Sjoden GO. Greater trochanteric pain after total
hip arthroplasty: the incidence, clinical outcome and
associated factors. Hip Int. 2006; 16:202–6. doi:
10.1177/112070000601600304.
5. Moerenhout K, Benoit B, Gaspard HS, Rouleau DM, Laflamme
GY. Greater trochanteric pain after primary total hip
replacement, comparing the anterior and posterior approach:
A secondary analysis of a randomized trial. Orthop Traumatol
Surg Res. 2021; 107:102709. doi: 10.1016/j.otsr.2020.08.011.
6. Skibicki HE, Brustein JA, Orozco FR, Ponzio DY, Post ZD, Ong
AC. Lateral Trochanteric Pain Following Primary Total Hip
Arthroplasty: Incidence and Success of Nonoperative
Treatment. J Arthroplasty. 2021; 36:193–9. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2020.07.043.
7. Abdulkarim A, Keegan C, Bajwa R, Sheehan E. Lateral
trochanteric pain following total hip arthroplasty:
radiographic assessment of altered biomechanics as a
potential aetiology. Ir J Med Sci. 2018; 187:663–8. doi:
10.1007/s11845-017-1701-1.
8. Iorio R, Healy WL, Warren PD, Appleby D. Lateral trochanteric
pain following primary total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty.
2006; 21:233–6. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2005.03.041.
9. Worlicek M, Messmer B, Grifka J, Renkawitz T, Weber M.
Restoration of leg length and offset correlates with
trochanteric pain syndrome in total hip arthroplasty. Sci Rep.
2020; 10:7107. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62531-9.
10. Fearon AM, Cook JL, Scarvell JM, Neeman T, Cormick W, Smith
PN. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome negatively affects
work, physical activity and quality of life: a case control study.
J Arthroplasty. 2014; 29:383–6. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2012.10.016.
11. Kagan A. Rotator cuff tears of the hip. Clin Orthop Relat Res.
1999:135–40.
12. Pfirrmann CWA, Notzli HP, Dora C, Hodler J, Zanetti M.
Abductor Tendons and Muscles Assessed at MR Imaging after
Total Hip Arthroplasty in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic
Patients. Radiology. 2005; 235:969–76. doi:
10.1148/radiol.2353040403.
13. Farmer KW, Jones LC, Brownson KE, Khanuja HS, Hungerford
MW. Trochanteric Bursitis after Total Hip Arthroplasty:
Incidence and Evaluation of Response to Treatment. J
Arthroplasty. 2010; 25:208–12. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2009.02.008.
14. Shemesh SS, Moucha CS, Keswani A, Maher NA, Chen D,
Bronson MJ. Trochanteric Bursitis Following Primary Total
Hip Arthroplasty: Incidence, Predictors, and Treatment. J
Arthroplasty .2018; 33:1205–9. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2017.11.016.
15. Schwartsmann CR, Loss F, de Freitas Spinelli L, et al.
Association between trochanteric bursitis, osteoarthrosis and
total hip arthroplasty. Rev Bras Ortop. 2014; 49:267–70. doi:
10.1016/j.rboe.2014.04.009.
16. Charnley J. Total hip replacement by low-friction arthroplasty.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1970; 72:7–21.
17. Charles MN, Bourne RB, Davey JR, Greenwald AS, Morrey BF,
Rorabeck CH. Soft-tissue balancing of the hip: the role of
femoral offset restoration. Instr Course Lect. 2005; 54:131–
41.
18. Sakalkale DP, Sharkey PF, Eng K, Hozack WJ, Rothman RH.
Effect of femoral component offset on polyethylene wear in
total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2001:125–34.
doi: 10.1097/00003086-200107000-00019.
19. Incavo SJ, Havener T, Benson E, McGrory BJ, Coughlin KM,
Beynnon BD. Efforts to improve cementless femoral stems in
THR: 2- to 5-year follow-up of a high-offset femoral stem with
distal stem modification (Secur-Fit Plus). J Arthroplasty.
2004; 19:61–7. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2003.09.006.
20. Liebs TR, Nasser L, Herzberg W, Rüther W, Hassenpflug J. The
influence of femoral offset on health-related quality of life
after total hip replacement. Bone Joint J. 2014; 96-B: 36–42.
doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.96B1.31530.
21. Sayed-Noor AS, Pedersen E, Wretenberg P, Sjödén GO. Distal
lengthening of ilio-tibial band by Z-plasty for treating
refractory greater trochanteric pain after total hip
arthroplasty (Pedersen-Noor operation). Arch Orthop
Trauma Surg. 2009; 129:597–602. doi: 10.1007/s00402-008-
0693-8.
22. Cassidy KA, Noticewala MS, Macaulay W, Lee JH, Geller JA.
Effect of femoral offset on pain and function after total hip
arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2012; 27:1863–9. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2012.05.001. 23. Austin MS, Hozack WJ, Sharkey PF, Rothman RH. Stability and
leg length equality in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty.
2003; 18:88–90. doi: 10.1054/arth.2003.50073.
24. Williamson JA, Reckling FW. Limb Length Discrepancy and
Related Problems Following Total Hip Joint Replacement. Clin
Orthop Relat Res. 1978 ;( 134):135-8.
25. Al-Amiry B, Mahmood S, Krupic F, Sayed-Noor A. Leg
lengthening and femoral-offset reduction after total hip
arthroplasty: where is the problem - stem or cup positioning?
Acta Radiol. 2017; 58:1125–31. doi:
10.1177/0284185116684676.
26. Husby VS, Bjørgen S, Hoff J, Helgerud J, Benum P, Husby OS.
Unilateral vs. bilateral total hip arthroplasty - the influence of
medial femoral head offset and effects on strength and
aerobic endurance capacity. Hip Int. 2010; 20:204–14. doi:
10.1177/112070001002000211.
27. Yamaguchi T, Naito M, Asayama I, Ishiko T. Total hip
arthroplasty: the relationship between posterolateral
reconstruction, abductor muscle strength, and femoral offset.
J Orthop Surg. 2004; 12:164–7. doi:
10.1177/230949900401200205.
28. Asayama I, Chamnongkich S, Simpson KJ, Kinsey TL, Mahoney
OM. Reconstructed hip joint position and abductor muscle
strength after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2005;
20:414–20. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2004.01.016.
29. Kiyama T, Naito M, Shinoda T, Maeyama A. Hip Abductor
Strengths After Total Hip Arthroplasty Via the Lateral and
Posterolateral Approaches. J Arthroplasty. 2010; 25:76–80.
doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2008.11.001.
30. McGrory BJ, Morrey BF, Cahalan TD, An KN, Cabanela ME.
Effect of femoral offset on range of motion and abductor
muscle strength after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg
Br. 1995; 77:865–9.
31. Malik A, Maheshwari A, Dorr LD. Impingement with total hip
replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007; 89:1832–42. doi:
10.1016/j.cuor.2008.10.009.
32. Matsushita A, Nakashima Y, Jingushi S, Yamamoto T, Kuraoka
A, Iwamoto Y. Effects of the femoral offset and the head size
on the safe range of motion in total hip arthroplasty. J
Arthroplasty .2009; 24:646–51. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2008.02.008.
33. Patel AB, Wagle RR, Usrey MM, Thompson MT, Incavo SJ,
Noble PC. Guidelines for implant placement to minimize
impingement during activities of daily living after total hip
arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2010; 25:1275-81.e1. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2009.10.007.
34. Kurtz WB, Ecker TM, Reichmann WM, Murphy SB. Factors
affecting bony impingement in hip arthroplasty. J
Arthroplasty. 2010; 25:624-34.e1-2. doi:
10.1016/j.arth.2009.03.024.
35. Liebs TR, Nasser L, Herzberg W, Ruther W, Hassenpflug J. The
influence of femoral offset on health-related quality of life
after total hip replacement. Bone Joint J. 2014; 96-B (1):36-
42. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.96B1.31530.
36. Lee JJ, Patel R, Biermann JS, Dougherty PJ. The
musculoskeletal effects of cigarette smoking. J Bone Joint Surg
Am. 2013; 95:850–9. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.00375.
37. Weber M, Woerner ML, Springorum H-R, Hapfelmeier A,
Grifka J, Renkawitz TF. Plain radiographs fail to reflect
femoral offset in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2014;
29:1661–5. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.03.023.