Optimizing Outcomes after Operative Treatment Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures – Time for Innovation?

Document Type : CURRENT CONCEPTS REVIEW

Authors

1 1 Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 2 Harvard Orthopedic Trauma Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

2 Harvard Orthopedic Trauma Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

3 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

4 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

5 2 Harvard Orthopedic Trauma Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 5 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA 6 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Abstract

Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are technically demanding fractures that have a high complication 
rate. We sought to review the recent literature with the aim to summarize the development of new 
classification systems that may enhance the surgeon's understanding of the fracture pattern and injury. 
We highlight the best methods for infection control and touch on new innovative solutions using 3D 
printer models and augmented mixed reality to provide potentially personalized solutions for each 
specific fracture configuration.
 Level of evidence: N/A (Narrative review/commentary)

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Albuquerque RPE, Hara R, Prado J, Schiavo L, Giordano V, do Amaral NP. Epidemiological study on tibial plateau fractures at a level I trauma center. Acta Ortop Bras. 2013; 21(2):109-115. doi: 10.1590/S1413-78522013000200008.
  2. Egol K, Koval KJ, Zuckerman JD,eds. Handbook of Fractures. 5st ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
  3. Honkonen S, Jarvinen M. Classification of fractures of the tibial condyles. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992; 74-B (6):840-847. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.74B6.1447244.
  4. Berkson EM, Virkus WW. High-Energy Tibial Plateau Fractures. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006; 14(1):20-31. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200601000-00005.
  5. Stannard JP, Wilson TC, Volgas DA, Alonso JE. The less invasive stabilization system in the treatment of complex fractures of the tibial plateau: short-term results. J Orthop Trauma. 2004; 18(8):552-558. doi:10.1097/00005131-200409000-00012.
  6. Colman M, Wright A, Gruen G, Siska P, Pape HC, Tarkin I. Prolonged operative time increases infection rate in tibial plateau fractures. Injury. 2013; 44(2):249-252. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2012.10.032.
  7. Eggli S, Hartel MJ, Kohl S, Haupt U, Exadaktylos AK, Röder C. Unstable bicondylar tibial plateau fractures: a clinical investigation. J Orthop Trauma. 22(10):673-679. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e31818b1452.
  8. Stannard JP, Lopez R, Volgas D. Soft tissue injury of the knee after tibial plateau fractures. J Knee Surg. 2010; 23(4):187-192. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1268694.
  9. Mui LW, Engelsohn E, Umans H. Comparison of CT and MRI in patients with tibial plateau fracture: can CT findings predict ligament tear or meniscal injury? Skeletal Radiol. 2007; 36(2):145-151. doi:10.1007/s00256-006-0216-z.
  10. Xu Y, Li Q, Su P, Shen T, Zhu Y. MDCT and MRI for the diagnosis of complex fractures of the tibial plateau: A case control study. Exp Ther Med. 2014; 7(1):199-203. doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1380.
  11. Gardner MJ, Yacoubian S, Geller D, et al. The incidence of soft tissue injury in operative tibial plateau fractures: a magnetic resonance imaging analysis of 103 patients. J Orthop Trauma. 2005; 19(2):79-84. doi:10.1097/00005131-200502000-00002.
  12. Stahl D, Serrano-Riera R, Collin K, Griffing R, Defenbaugh B, Sagi HC. Operatively Treated Meniscal Tears Associated With Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Report on 661 Patients. J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29(7):322-324. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000290.
  13. Lee AK, Cooper SA, Collinge C. Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Critical Analysis Review. JBJS Rev. 2018;6(2). doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.17.00050.
  14. Henry P, Wasserstein D, Paterson M, Kreder H, Jenkinson R. Risk factors for reoperation and mortality after the operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures in Ontario, 1996-2009. J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29(4):182-188. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000237.
  15. Jansen H, Frey SP, Doht S, Fehske K, Meffert RH. Medium-term results after complex intra-articular fractures of the tibial plateau. J Orthop Sci. 2013; 18(4):569-577. doi:10.1007/s00776-013-0404-3.
  16. Märdian S, Landmann F, Wichlas F, Haas NP, Schaser KD, Schwabe P. Outcome of angular stable locking plate fixation of tibial plateau fractures Midterm results in 101 patients. Indian J Orthop. 2015; 49(6):620-629. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.168755.
  17. Ruffolo MR, Gettys FK, Montijo HE, Seymour RB, Karunakar MA. Complications of high-energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated with dual plating through 2 incisions. J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29(2):85-90. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000203.
  18. Barei DP, Nork SE, Mills WJ, Henley MB, Benirschke SK. Complications associated with internal fixation of high-energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures utilizing a two-incision technique. J Orthop Trauma. 2004; 18(10):649-657. doi:10.1097/00005131-200411000-00001.
  19. Gosling T, Schandelmaier P, Muller M, Hankemeier S, Wagner M, Krettek C. Single lateral locked screw plating of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005; 439:207-214. doi:10.1097/00003086-200510000-00036.
  20. Morris BJ, Unger RZ, Archer KR, Mathis SL, Perdue AM, Obremskey WT. Risk factors of infection after ORIF of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2013; 27(9):e196-200. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e318284704e.
  21. Barei DP, Nork SE, Mills WJ, Coles CP, Henley MB, Benirschke SK. Functional outcomes of severe bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated with dual incisions and medial and lateral plates. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006; 88(8):1713-1721. doi:10.2106/JBJS.E.00907.
  22. Basques BA, Webb ML, Bohl DD, Golinvaux NS, Grauer JN. Adverse events, length of stay, and readmission after surgery for tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2015; 29(3):e121-6. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000231.
  23. Khatri K, Lakhotia D, Sharma V, Kiran Kumar GN, Sharma G, Farooque K. Functional Evaluation in High Energy (Schatzker Type V and Type VI) Tibial Plateau Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation. Int Sch Res Notices. 2014; 2014:589538. doi:10.1155/2014/589538.
  24. Young MJ, Barrack RL. Complications of internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Orthop Rev. 1994; 23(2):149-154.
  25. Schatzker J, McBroom R, Bruce D. The tibial plateau fracture. The Toronto experience 1968--1975. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979 :( 138):94-104.
  26. Stark E, Stucken C, Trainer G, Tornetta P. Compartment syndrome in Schatzker type VI plateau fractures and medial condylar fracture-dislocations treated with temporary external fixation. J Orthop Trauma. 2009; 23(7):502-506. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181a18235.
  27. Ziran BH, Becher SJ. Radiographic predictors of compartment syndrome in tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2013; 27(11):612-615. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e31828e25b6.
  28. Firoozabadi R, Schneidkraut J, Beingessner D, Dunbar R, Barei D. Hyperextension Varus Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fracture Pattern: Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies. J Orthop Trauma. 2016; 30(5):e152-7. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000510.
  29. Blair JA, Stoops TK, Doarn MC, et al. Infection and Nonunion After Fasciotomy for Compartment Syndrome Associated With Tibia Fractures: A Matched Cohort Comparison. J Orthop Trauma. 2016; 30(7):392-396. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000570.
  30. Bible JE, McClure DJ, Mir HR. Analysis of single-incision versus dual-incision fasciotomy for tibial fractures with acute compartment syndrome. J Orthop Trauma. 2013; 27(11):607-611. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e318291f284.
  31. Liow RY, Birdsall PD, Mucci B, Greiss ME. Spiral computed tomography with two- and three-dimensional reconstruction in the management of tibial plateau fractures. Orthopedics. 1999; 22(10):929-932.
  32. Chan PS, Klimkiewicz JJ, Luchetti WT, et al. Impact of CT scan on treatment plan and fracture classification of tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1997; 11(7):484-489. doi:10.1097/00005131-199710000-00005.
  33. Maripuri SN, Rao P, Manoj-Thomas A, Mohanty K. The classification systems for tibial plateau fractures: how reliable are they? Injury. 2008; 39(10):1216-1221. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.01.023.
  34. Taşkesen A, Demirkale İ, Okkaoğlu MC, Özdemir M, Bilgili MG, Altay M. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability assessment of tibial plateau fracture classification systems. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi. 2017; 28(3):177-181. doi:10.5606/ehc.2017.56816.
  35. Yang G, Zhai Q, Zhu Y, Sun H, Putnis S, Luo C. The incidence of posterior tibial plateau fracture: an investigation of 525 fractures by using a CT-based classification system. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013; 133(7):929-934. doi:10.1007/s00402-013-1735-4.
  36. Luo CF, Sun H, Zhang B, Zeng BF. Three-column fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2010; 24(11):683-692. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181d436f3.
  37. Weigel DP, Marsh JL. High-energy fractures of the tibial plateau. Knee function after longer follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002; 84(9):1541-1551. doi:10.2106/00004623-200209000-00006.
  38. Volpin G, Dowd GS, Stein H, Bentley G. Degenerative arthritis after intra-articular fractures of the knee. Long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1990; 72(4):634-638. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.72B4.2380219.
  39. Honkonen SE. Degenerative arthritis after tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1995; 9(4):273-277. doi:10.1097/00005131-199509040-00001.
  40. Lansinger O, Bergman B, Körner L, Andersson GB. Tibial condylar fractures. A twenty-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986; 68(1):13-19.
  41. Blokker CP, Rorabeck CH, Bourne RB. Tibial plateau fractures. An analysis of the results of treatment in 60 patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 ;( 182):193-199.
  42. Honkonen SE. Indications for surgical treatment of tibial condyle fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994 ;( 302):199-205.
  43. Marsh JL, Buckwalter J, Gelberman R, et al. Articular fractures: does an anatomic reduction really change the result? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002; 84(7):1259-1271.
  44. Moore TM, Patzakis MJ, Harvey JP. Tibial plateau fractures: definition, demographics, treatment rationale, and long-term results of closed traction management or operative reduction. J Orthop Trauma. 1987; 1(2):97-119.
  45. Kettelkamp DB, Hillberry BM, Murrish DE, Heck DA. Degenerative arthritis of the knee secondary to fracture malunion. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988 ;( 234):159-169.
  46. Lee AK, Cooper SA, Collinge C. Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures. JBJS Rev. 2018; 6(2):e4-e4. doi:10.2106/JBJS.RVW.17.00050.
  47. Egol KA, Tejwani NC, Capla EL, Wolinsky PL, Koval KJ. Staged management of high-energy proximal tibia fractures (OTA types 41): the results of a prospective, standardized protocol. J Orthop Trauma. 2005; 19(7):448-455; discussion 456. doi:10.1097/01.bot.0000171881.11205.80.
  48. Unno F, Lefaivre KA, Osterhoff G, et al. Is Early Definitive Fixation of Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures Safe? An Observational Cohort Study. J Orthop Trauma. 2017; 31(3):151-157. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000000779.
  49. Stenquist D, Yeung CM, Guild T, et al. Judicious Early Primary ORIF for Closed AO/OTA 41C (Schatzker VI) Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures Is Not Associated with Increased Risk of Deep Infection or Reoperation.; 2021.
  50. Virkus WW, Caballero J, Kempton LB, Cavallero M, Rosales R, Gaski GE. Costs and Complications of Single-Stage Fixation versus 2-Stage Treatment of Select Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2018; 32(7):327-332. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000001167.
  51. Zura RD, Adams SB, Jeray KJ, et al. Timing of definitive fixation of severe tibial plateau fractures with compartment syndrome does not have an effect on the rate of infection. J Trauma. 2010; 69(6):1523-1526. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181d40403.
  52. Parekh AA, Smith WR, Silva S, et al. Treatment of distal femur and proximal tibia fractures with external fixation followed by planned conversion to internal fixation. J Trauma. 2008; 64(3):736-739. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e31804d492b.
  53. Perdue A, Greenberg SE, Sathiyakumar V, et al. Staged Columnar Fixation of Bicondylar Tibial Plateaus: A Cheaper Alternative to External Fixation. J Surg Orthop Adv. 2016; 25(1):13-17.
  54. Prat-Fabregat S, Camacho-Carrasco P. Treatment strategy for tibial plateau fractures: an update. EFORT Open Rev. 2016; 1(5):225-232. doi:10.1302/2058-5241.1.000031.
  55. Ricci WM, Rudzki JR, Borrelli J. Treatment of complex proximal tibia fractures with the less invasive skeletal stabilization system. J Orthop Trauma. 2004; 18(8):521-527. doi:10.1097/00005131-200409000-00007.
  56. Weaver MJ, Harris MB, Strom AC, et al. Fracture pattern and fixation type related to loss of reduction in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Injury. 2012; 43(6):864-869. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2011.10.035.
  57. Barei DP, O’Mara TJ, Taitsman LA, Dunbar RP, Nork SE. Frequency and fracture morphology of the posteromedial fragment in bicondylar tibial plateau fracture patterns. J Orthop Trauma. 2008; 22(3):176-182. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e318169ef08.
  58. Chang SM, Wang X, Zhou JQ, Huang YG, Zhu XZ. Posterior coronal plating of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures through posteromedial and anterolateral approaches in a healthy floating supine position. Orthopedics. 2012; 35(7):583-588. doi:10.3928/01477447-20120621-03.
  59. Carlson DA. Posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2005; 19(2):73-78. doi:10.1097/00005131-200502000-00001.
  60. Chang SM, Hu SJ, Zhang YQ, et al. A surgical protocol for bicondylar four-quadrant tibial plateau fractures. Int Orthop. 2014; 38(12):2559-2564. doi:10.1007/s00264-014-2487-7.
  61. He X, Ye P, Hu Y, et al. A posterior inverted L-shaped approach for the treatment of posterior bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2013; 133(1):23-28. doi:10.1007/s00402-012-1632-2.
  62. Lin KC, Tarng YW, Lin GY, Yang SW, Hsu CJ, Renn JH. Prone and direct posterior approach for management of posterior column tibial plateau fractures. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015; 101(4):477-482. doi:10.1016/j.otsr.2014.12.021.
  63. Weil YA, Gardner MJ, Boraiah S, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. Posteromedial supine approach for reduction and fixation of medial and bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 22(5):357-362. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e318168c72e.
  64. Kandemir U, Maclean J. Surgical approaches for tibial plateau fractures. J Knee Surg. 2014; 27(1):21-29. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1363519.
  65. Galla M, Lobenhoffer P. [The direct, dorsal approach to the treatment of unstable tibial posteromedial fracture-dislocations]. Unfallchirurg. 2003; 106(3):241-247. doi:10.1007/s00113-002-0554-9.
  66. Fakler JKM, Ryzewicz M, Hartshorn C, Morgan SJ, Stahel PF, Smith WR. Optimizing the management of Moore type I postero-medial split fracture dislocations of the tibial head: description of the Lobenhoffer approach. J Orthop Trauma. 2007; 21(5):330-336. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e318055603c.
  67. Solomon LB, Stevenson AW, Baird RP v, Pohl AP. Posterolateral transfibular approach to tibial plateau fractures: technique, results, and rationale. J Orthop Trauma. 2010; 24(8):505-514. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181ccba4b.
  68. Solomon LB, Stevenson AW, Lee YC, Baird RP v, Howie DW. Posterolateral and anterolateral approaches to unicondylar posterolateral tibial plateau fractures: a comparative study. Injury. 2013; 44(11):1561-1568. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2013.04.024.
  69. Schütz M, Kääb MJ, Haas N. Stabilization of proximal tibial fractures with the LIS-System: early clinical experience in Berlin. Injury. 2003; 34 Suppl 1:A30-5. doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00255-9.
  70. Stannard JP, Wilson TC, Volgas DA, Alonso JE. Fracture stabilization of proximal tibial fractures with the proximal tibial LISS: early experience in Birmingham, Alabama (USA). Injury. 2003; 34 Suppl 1:A36-42. doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00256-0.
  71. Cole PA, Zlowodzki M, Kregor PJ. Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS) for fractures of the proximal tibia: indications, surgical technique and preliminary results of the UMC Clinical Trial. Injury. 2003; 34 Suppl 1:A16-29. doi:10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00254-7.
  72. Mills WJ, Nork SE. Open reduction and internal fixation of high-energy tibial plateau fractures. Orthop Clin North Am. 2002; 33(1):177-198, ix. doi:10.1016/s0030-5898(03)00079-8.
  73. Horwitz DS, Bachus KN, Craig MA, Peters CL. A biomechanical analysis of internal fixation of complex tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 1999;13(8):545-549. doi:10.1097/00005131-199911000-00005.
  74. Mueller KL, Karunakar MA, Frankenburg EP, Scott DS. Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures: a biomechanical study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003 ;( 412):189-195. doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000071754.41516.e9.
  75. Gösling T, Schandelmaier P, Marti A, Hufner T, Partenheimer A, Krettek C. Less invasive stabilization of complex tibial plateau fractures: a biomechanical evaluation of a unilateral locked screw plate and double plating. J Orthop Trauma. 2004; 18(8):546-551. doi:10.1097/00005131-200409000-00011.
  76. Higgins TF, Klatt J, Bachus KN. Biomechanical analysis of bicondylar tibial plateau fixation: how does lateral locking plate fixation compare to dual plate fixation? J Orthop Trauma. 2007; 21(5):301-306. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3180500359.
  77. Yoo BJ, Beingessner DM, Barei DP. Stabilization of the posteromedial fragment in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures: a mechanical comparison of locking and nonlocking single and dual plating methods. J Trauma. 2010; 69(1):148-155. doi:10.1097/TA.0b013e3181e17060.
  78. Lee MH, Hsu CJ, Lin KC, Renn JH. Comparison of outcome of unilateral locking plate and dual plating in the treatment of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. J Orthop Surg Res. 2014; 9:62. doi:10.1186/s13018-014-0062-y.
  79. Neogi DS, Trikha V, Mishra KK, Bandekar SM, Yadav CS. Comparative study of single lateral locked plating versus double plating in type C bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2015; 49(2):193-198. doi:10.4103/0019-5413.152478.
  80. Chang H, Zhu Y, Zheng Z, et al. Meta-analysis shows that highly comminuted bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated by single lateral locking plate give similar outcomes as dual plate fixation. Int Orthop. 2016; 40(10):2129-2141. doi:10.1007/s00264-016-3157-8.
  81. Hall JA, Beuerlein MJ, McKee MD, Canadian Orthopaedic Trauma Society. Open reduction and internal fixation compared with circular fixator application for bicondylar tibial plateau fractures. Surgical technique. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009; 91 Suppl 2 Pt 1:74-88. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.01165.
  82. Ariffin HM, Mahdi NM, Rhani SA, Baharudin A, Shukur MH. Modified hybrid fixator for high-energy Schatzker V and VI tibial plateau fractures. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2011; 6(1):21-26. doi:10.1007/s11751-011-0105-4.
  83. Babis GC, Evangelopoulos DS, Kontovazenitis P, Nikolopoulos K, Soucacos PN. High energy tibial plateau fractures treated with hybrid external fixation. J Orthop Surg Res. 2011; 6:35. doi:10.1186/1749-799X-6-35.
  84. Ali AM. Outcomes of open bicondylar tibial plateau fractures treated with Ilizarov external fixator with or without minimal internal fixation. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2013; 23(3):349-355. doi:10.1007/s00590-012-0989-9.
  85. Dendrinos GK, Kontos S, Katsenis D, Dalas A. Treatment of high-energy tibial plateau fractures by the Ilizarov circular fixator. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996; 78(5):710-717.
  86. Keightley AJ, Nawaz SZ, Jacob JT, Unnithan A, Elliott DS, Khaleel A. Ilizarov management of Schatzker IV to VI fractures of the tibial plateau: 105 fractures at a mean follow-up of 7.8 years. Bone Joint J. 2015; 97-B(12):1693-1697. doi:10.1302/0301-620X.97B12.34635.
  87. Barei DP, Nork SE, Mills WJ, Henley MB, Benirschke SK. Complications associated with internal fixation of high-energy bicondylar tibial plateau fractures utilizing a two-incision technique. J Orthop Trauma. 18(10):649-657. doi:10.1097/00005131-200411000-00001.
  88. van Dreumel RLM, van Wunnik BPW, Janssen L, Simons PCG, Janzing HMJ. Mid- to long-term functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Injury. 2015; 46(8):1608-1612. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2015.05.035.
  89. Stevens DG, Beharry R, McKee MD, Waddell JP, Schemitsch EH. The Long-Term Functional Outcome of Operatively Treated Tibial Plateau Fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2001; 15(5):312-20. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200106000-00002.
  90. Warschawski Y, Elbaz A, Segal G, et al. Gait characteristics and quality of life perception of patients following tibial plateau fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015; 135(11):1541-1546. doi:10.1007/s00402-015-2325-4.
  91. Timmers TK, van der Ven DJC, de Vries LS, van Olden GDJ. Functional outcome after tibial plateau fracture osteosynthesis: a mean follow-up of 6 years. Knee. 2014; 21(6):1210-1215. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2014.09.011.
  92. Marti RK, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Rademakers M v. Correction of lateral tibial plateau depression and valgus malunion of the proximal tibia. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2007; 19(1):101-113. doi:10.1007/s00064-007-1197-3.
  93. Manidakis N, Dosani A, Dimitriou R, Stengel D, Matthews S, Giannoudis P. Tibial plateau fractures: functional outcome and incidence of osteoarthritis in 125 cases. Int Orthop. 2010; 34(4):565-570. doi:10.1007/s00264-009-0790-5.
  94. Mattiassich G, Foltin E, Scheurecker G, Schneiderbauer A, Kröpfl A, Fischmeister M. Radiographic and clinical results after surgically treated tibial plateau fractures at three and twenty two years postsurgery. Int Orthop. 2014; 38(3):587-594. doi:10.1007/s00264-013-2174-0.
  95. Stenquist DS, Yeung CM, Guild T, Weaver MJ, Harris MB, von Keudell AG. Is It Safe to Prep the External Fixator In Situ During Staged ORIF of Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures? A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study. J Orthop Trauma. 2022 Aug 1; 36(8):382-387. doi:10.1097/BOT.0000000000002334.
  96. O’Toole RV, Joshi M, Carlini AR, et al. Effect of intrawound vancomycin powder in operatively treated high-risk tibia fractures: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2021; 156(5):e207259. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2020.7259.
  97. The FLOW Investigators. A Trial of Wound Irrigation in the Initial Management of Open Fracture Wounds. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015; 373(27):2629-2641. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1508502.
  98. Shen S, Wang P, Li X, Han X, Tan H. Pre-operative simulation using a three-dimensional printing model for surgical treatment of old and complex tibial plateau fractures. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):6044. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-63219-w.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Mabrey JD, Reinig KD, Cannon WD. Virtual reality in orthopaedics: is it a reality? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010; 468(10):2586-2591. doi:10.1007/s11999-010-1426-1.
  2. Lohre R, Bois AJ, Pollock JW, et al. Effectiveness of Immersive Virtual Reality on Orthopedic Surgical Skills and Knowledge Acquisition among Senior Surgical Residents. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(12):e2031217. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.31217.
  3. Wixted CM, Peterson JR, Kadakia RJ, Adams SB. Three-dimensional Printing in Orthopaedic Surgery: Current Applications and Future Developments. JAAOS: Global Research and Reviews. 2021; 5(4):e20.00230-11. doi:10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00230.
  4. Lou Y, Cai L, Wang C, et al. Comparison of traditional surgery and surgery assisted by three dimensional printing technology in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Int Orthop. 2017; 41(9):1875-1880. doi:10.1007/s00264-017-3445-y.
  5. Giannetti S, Bizzotto N, Stancati A, Santucci A. Minimally invasive fixation in tibial plateau fractures using an pre-operative and intra-operative real size 3D printing. Injury. 2017; 48(3):784-788. doi:10.1016/j.injury.2016.11.015.
The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
Volume 12, Issue 2
February 2024
Pages 80-91

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 18 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 30 October 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics