Effects of vitamin D3 fortified low-fat dairy products on bone density measures in adults with abdominal obesity: a randomized clinical trial

Document Type : RESEARCH PAPER

Authors

1 Azadi square, Mashhad, Iran

2 International UNESCO center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Student Research Committee, Islamic azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran

5 Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

6 Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

7 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences and health Services, Yazd, Iran

8 Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK

Abstract

Background and aims: Bone disease related fractures constitute a heavy burden on the healthcare system and economy. Vitamin D is an important regulator of the bone health and its deficiency is a global issue. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the 1,500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D used for fortifying low-fat dairy products (milk and yogurt) on bone health parameters.
Methods: This parallel totally blinded, randomized controlled trial as a part of SUNIVA study (Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach), was conducted on 306 individuals with abdominal obesity who were randomly assigned to one of four groups: fortified low-fat milk (1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D3 per 200 g/d), non-fortified low-fat milk, fortified low-fat yogurt (1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D3 per 150 g/d), non-fortified low-fat yogurt, for a 10 weeks trial from January to March 2019. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) were measured at baseline and at the end of the trial.
Results: TBS and BMD were defined as primary and secondary outcomes and the results of this trial showed no significant differences between intervention and control groups on study outcomes (p-value > 0.05).
Conclusion: This trial demonstrated no significant effect of nano-encapsulated vitamin D fortified milk and yogurt on BMD and TBS which highlight the need for further longer-term trials regarding bone health outcomes to establish optimal doses of fortification.
Level of evidence

Keywords

The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 25 October 2021

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History

  • Receive Date: 26 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 21 September 2021
  • Accept Date: 18 October 2021
  • First Publish Date: 25 October 2021

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