1. National Golf Foundation. NGF issues 2018 golf
industry report [Internet]. Jupiter, FL: National Golf
Foundation; 2018 [updated 2018 May; cited 2018
November 12]. Available from: https://www.thengfq.
com/2018/05/ngf-issues-2018-golf-industryreport/.
2. Hill CL, Gill TK, Shanahan EM, Taylor AW. Prevalence
and correlates of shoulder pain and stiffness in a
population-based study: the North West Adelaide
Health Study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2010; 13(3):215-22.
3. Vogt MT, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Nevitt MC, Kang
JD, Rubin SM, et al. Neck and shoulder pain in 70-
to 79-year-old men and women: findings from the
Health, Aging and Body Composition Study. Spine J.
2003; 3(6):435-41.
4. Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Antonelli DJ. Rotator cuff
function during a golf swing. Am J Sports Med. 1986;
14(5):388-92.
5. Marta S, Silva L, Castro MA, Pezarat-Correia P, Cabri
J. Electromyography variables during the golf swing:
a literature review. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012;
22(6):803-13.
6. McHardy A, Pollard H. Muscle activity during the
golf swing. Br J Sports Med. 2005; 39(11):799-804;
discussion 799-804.
7. Papaliodis D, Richardson N, Tartaglione J, Roberts
T, Whipple R, Zanaros G. Impact of total shoulder
arthroplasty on golfing activity. Clin J Sport Med.
2015; 25(4):338-40.
8. Kurowicki J, Rosas S, Law TY, Levy JC. Participation in
work and sport following reverse and total shoulder
arthroplasty. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2018;
47(5).
9. Wang J, Popchak A, Giugale J, Irrgang J, Lin A.
Sports participation is an appropriate expectation
for recreational athletes undergoing shoulder
arthroplasty. Orthop J Sports Med. 2018; 6(10):
2325967118800666.
10. Fink Barnes LA, Grantham WJ, Meadows MC, Bigliani
LU, Levine WN, Ahmad CS. Sports activity after
reverse total shoulder arthroplasty with minimum
2-year follow-up. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2015;
44(2):68-72.
11. Garcia GH, Taylor SA, DePalma BJ, Mahony GT, Grawe
BM, Nguyen J, et al. Patient activity levels after reverse
total shoulder arthroplasty: what are patients doing?
Am J Sports Med. 2015; 43(11):2816-21.
12. Lo IK, Litchfield RB, Griffin S, Faber K, Patterson
SD, Kirkley A. Quality-of-life outcome following
hemiarthroplasty or total shoulder arthroplasty
in patients with osteoarthritis. A prospective,
randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;
87(10):2178-85.
13. Mitchell K, Banks S, Morgan D, Sugaya H. Shoulder
motions during the golf swing in male amateur golfers.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003; 33(4):196-203.
14. Norris TR, Iannotti JP. Functional outcome after
shoulder arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis:
a multicenter study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2002;
11(2):130-5.
15. Orfaly RM, Rockwood CA, Jr., Esenyel CZ, Wirth MA.
A prospective functional outcome study of shoulder
arthroplasty for osteoarthritis with an intact rotator
cuff. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2003; 12(3):214-21.
16. Aim F, Werthel JD, Deranlot J, Vigan M, Nourissat
G. Return to sport after shoulder arthroplasty in
recreational athletes: a systematic review and metaanalysis.
Am J Sports Med. 2018; 46(5):1251-7.
17. Jensen KL, Rockwood CA, Jr. Shoulder arthroplasty
in recreational golfers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998;
7(4):362-7.
18. Boileau P, Watkinson D, Hatzidakis AM, Hovorka I.
Neer Award 2005: the Grammont reverse shoulder
prosthesis: results in cuff tear arthritis, fracture
sequelae, and revision arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow
Surg. 2006; 15(5):527-40.
19. Boileau P, Pennington SD, Alami G. Proximal humeral
fractures in younger patients: fixation techniques
and arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2011; 20(2
Suppl):S47-60.
20. Mulieri P, Dunning P, Klein S, Pupello D, Frankle M.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of
irreparable rotator cuff tear without glenohumeral
arthritis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010; 92(15):2544-56.
21. Puskas B, Harreld K, Clark R, Downes K, Virani NA,
Frankle M. Isometric strength, range of motion,
and impairment before and after total and reverse
shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;
22(7):869-76.
22. Levy JC, Everding NG, Gil CC, Jr., Stephens S, Giveans
MR. Speed of recovery after shoulder arthroplasty:
a comparison of reverse and anatomic total
shoulder arthroplasty. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014;
23(12):1872-81.
23. Flurin PH, Roche CP, Wright TW, Marczuk Y, Zuckerman
JD. A comparison and correlation of clinical outcome
metrics in anatomic and reverse total shoulder
arthroplasty. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013). 2015; 73 Suppl
1:S118-23.
24. Simovitch RW, Gerard BK, Brees JA, Fullick R, Kearse
JC. Outcomes of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty in
a senior athletic population. J Shoulder Elbow Surg.
2015; 24(9):1481-5.