The Effect of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Hindfoot Alignment in Patients with Severe Genu Varum and Genu Valgum

Document Type : RESEARCH PAPER

Authors

1 Orthopedic Department, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

2 Bone and Joint Reconstruction Research Center, Shafa Yahyaian Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

3 Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

4 Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran

5 Nursing Department, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Background: The maintenance of deformity in the ankle and hindfoot after correction of knee deformity following knee
arthroplasty may cause abnormal tension in the knee and patient dissatisfaction. The aim of this study was to determine
the effect of knee arthroplasty on the hindfoot alignment in patients with severe genu varum and valgum.
Methods: A total of 84 patients with primary osteoarthritis, were enrolled in the study. The knee deformity was measured
using a long leg film before surgery. The long axial radiographic view of hindfoot was taken in the standing position for
all patients, before and six months after surgery. Comparisons were made on changes in the hindfoot angles measured
before and after surgery.
Results: A total of 84 patients with mean age of 62.28 ± 7.77 years, 77 (92%) and seven patients (eight percent)
had knee varus and valgus deformity, respectively. In the knee varus group, the mean preoperative hindfoot angle
was + 5.32 ± 6.12 ° (valgus) which was changed to - 0.25 ± 4.91 ° (varus) in the postoperative phase. In the knee
valgus group, the mean pre and postoperative hindfoot angles were - 7.71 ± 7.06° (varus) and - 2.14 ± 5.92 ° (varus),
respectively. The mean preoperative hindfoot angle in severe and very severe varus knee groups were + 5.45 ± 3.30
and + 5.28 ± 6.86 °, respectively. These angles were changed to + 0.21± 5.17 and -1.60 ± 3.89° six months after
surgery, respectively. The mean preoperative hindfoot angle in severe and very severe valgus knee deformity groups
were - 7.00 ± 4.69 and -8.66 ± 10.69 °, respectively. These angles were changed to - 2.00 ± 5.71 and - 2.33 ± 7.50
°after surgery, respectively. There was no significant difference between patients with severe and very severe deformity
in terms of pre and post-operative hindfoot angle.
Conclusion: The hindfoot alignment is significantly corrected after knee arthroplasty. The severity of knee deformity
does not correlate with the severity of the hindfoot deformity before and after surgery.
Level of evidence: I

Keywords

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The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
Volume 8, Issue 3
May 2020
Pages 413-419

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History

  • Receive Date: 01 August 2018
  • Revise Date: 12 December 2018
  • Accept Date: 16 November 2019

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