ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Failure of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
The present review classifies and describes the multifactorial causes of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery failure, concentrating on preventing and resolving such situations. The article particularly focuses on those causes that require ACL revision due to recurrent instability, without neglecting those that affect function or produce persistent pain. Although primary ACL reconstruction has satisfactory outcome rates as high as 97%, it is important to identify the causes of failure, because satisfactory outcomes in revision surgery can drop to as much as 76%. It is often possible to identify a primary or secondary cause of ACL surgery failure; even the most meticulous planning can give rise to unexpected findings during the intervention. The adopted protocol should therefore be sufficiently flexible to adapt to the course of surgery. Preoperative patient counseling is essential. The surgeon should limit the patient’s expectations for the outcome by explaining the complexity of this kind of procedure. With adequate preoperative planning, close attention to details and realistic patient expectations, ACL revision surgery may offer beneficial and satisfactory results for the patient.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4584_efd945720468b7a3027732d6bb8d4c79.pdf
2015-10-01
220
240
10.22038/abjs.2015.4584
ACL reconstruction
ACL revision
Allografts
Autografts
Failure of ACL reconstruction
Instability
Pain
Review
Gonzalo
Samitier
gonzalo.samitier@hgvillalba.es
1
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alejandro
Marcano
ale.marcano@gmail.com
2
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
AUTHOR
Eduard
Alentorn-Geli
ealentorngeli@gmail.com
3
Duke Sport Sciences Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
AUTHOR
Ramon
Cugat
ramon.cugat@sportrauma.com
4
Garcia-Cugat Foundation, Barcelona, Spain Mutualidad de Futbolistas, Federación Española de Fútbol, Delegación Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain Artroscopia gc, Hospital Quirón, Barcelona, Spain
AUTHOR
Kevin
Farmer
farmekw@ortho.ufl.edu
5
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
AUTHOR
Micheal
Moser
mosermw@ortho.ufl.edu
6
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
AUTHOR
Gianotti SM, Marshall SW, Hume PA, Bunt L. Incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury and other knee ligament injuries: a national population-based study. J Sci Med Sport. 2009; 12(6):622-7
1
Parkkari J, Pasanen K, Mattila VM, Kannus P, Rimpela A. The risk for a cruciate ligament injury of the knee in adolescents and young adults: a population-based cohort study of 46 500 people with a 9-year follow-up. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42(6):422-6.
2
Griffin LY, Albohm MJ, Arendt EA, Bahr R, Beynnon BD, Demaio M, et al. Understanding and preventing noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a review of the Hunt Valley II meeting, January 2005. Am J Sports Med. 2006; 34(9):1512-32.
3
Bach BR Jr. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Arthroscopy. 2003; 19 (Suppl 1):14-29.
4
Baer GS, Harner CD. Clinical outcomes of allograft versus autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 2007; 26(4):661-81.
5
Johnson DL, Fu FH. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: why do failures occur? Instr Course Lect. 1995; 44(11):391-406.
6
Kamath GV, Redfern JC, Greis PE, Burks RT. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2011; 39(1):199-217.
7
Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Revision anterior cruciate surgery with use of bone-patellar tendon-bone autogenous grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001; 83(8):1131-43.
8
Alford JW, Bach Jr BR. Arthrometric aspects of anterior cruciate ligament surgery before and after reconstruction with patellar tendon grafts. Tech Orthop. 2005; 20(4):421-38.
9
Bach BR Jr. Revision ACL reconstruction: indications and technique. In: Miller MD, Cole BJ (eds). Textbook of Arthroscopy. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2004. p 896.
10
George MS, Dunn WR, Spindler KP. Current concepts review: revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2006; 34(12):2026-37.
11
Wright RW, Huston LJ, Spindler KP, Dunn WR, Haas AK, Allen CR, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of the multicenter ACL revision study (MARS) cohort. Am J Sports Med. 2010; 38(10):1979-86.
12
Muneta T, Yamamoto H, Ishibashi T, Asahina S, Murakami S, Furuya K. The effects of tibial tunnel placement and roofplasty on reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament knees. Arthroscopy. 1995; 11(1):57-62.
13
Cugat BR, Samitier SG, Alvarez DP, Steinbacher G. Fracaso de la cirugia del LCA. Trauma. 2008; 19(Suppl 1):55-75.
14
Harter RA, Osternig LR, Singer KM, James SL, Larson RL, Jones DC. Long-term evaluation of knee stability and function following surgical reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1988; 16(5):434-43.
15
Holmes PF, James SL, Larson RL, Singer KM, Jones DC. Retrospective direct comparison of three intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(6):596-9.
16
Howe JG, Johnson RJ, Kaplan MJ, Fleming B, Jarvinen M. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps patellar tendon graft. Part I. Long-term followup. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(5):447-57.
17
Kaplan MJ, Howe JG, Fleming B, Johnson RJ, Jarvinen M. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps patellar tendon graft. Part II. A specific sport review. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(5):458-62.
18
Aglietti P, Buzzi R, D’Andria S, Zaccherotti G. Patellofemoral problems after intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993; 288(3):195-204.
19
Bach BR Jr, Wojtys EM, Lindenfeld TN. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, patella infera contracture syndrome, and loss of motion following anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Instr Course Lect. 1997; 46(1):251-60.
20
Daniel DM, Stone ML, Dobson BE, Fithian DC, Rossman DJ, Kaufman KR. Fate of the ACL-injured patient. A prospective outcome study. Am J Sports Med. 1994; 22(5):632-44.
21
Dye SF, Chew MH. Restoration of osseous homeostasis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(5):748-50.
22
Graf B, Uhr F. Complications of intra-articular anterior cruciate reconstruction. Clin Sports Med. 1988; 7(4):835-48.
23
Harner CD, Irrgang JJ, Paul J, Dearwater S, Fu FH. Loss of motion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1992; 20(5):499-506.
24
Jaureguito JW, Paulos LE. Why grafts fail. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(1):25-41.
25
Paulos LE, Rosenberg TD, Drawbert J, Manning J, Abbott P. Infrapatellar contracture syndrome. An unrecognized cause of knee stiffness with patella entrapment and patella infera. Am J Sports Med. 1987; 15(4):331-41.
26
Shelbourne KD, Wilckens JH, Mollabashy A, DeCarlo M. Arthrofibrosis in acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The effect of timing of reconstruction and rehabilitation. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(4):332-6.
27
Johnson DL, Harner CD, Maday MG, Fu FH. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. In: Fu FH, Harner CD, Vince KG (eds). Knee Surgery. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1994; pp 877-95.
28
Wetzler MJ, Bartolozzi AR, Gillespie MJ, Rubenstein DL, Ciccotti MG, Miller LS. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Oper Tech Orthop. 1996; 6(3):181-9.
29
Harner CD, Giffin JR, Dunteman RC, Annunziata CC, Friedman MJ. Evaluation and treatment of recurrent instability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Instr Course Lect. 2001; 50(1):463-74.
30
Clancy WG Jr., Narechania RG, Rosenberg TD, Gmeiner JG, Wisnefske DD, Lange TA. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in rhesus monkeys. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981; 63(8):1270-84.
31
Drez DJ Jr, DeLee J, Holden JP, Arnoczky S, Noyes FR, Roberts TS. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. A biological and biomechanical evaluation in goats. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(3):256-63.
32
Getelman MH, Schepsis AA, Zimmer J. Revision ACL reconstruction: Autograft versus allograft. Arthroscopy. 1995; 11(1):378.
33
Uribe JW, Hechtman KS, Zvijac JE, Tjin-A-T EW. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Miami. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(3):91-9.
34
Johnson DL, Swenson TM, Irrgang JJ, Fu FH, Harner CD. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Pittsburgh. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(11):100-9.
35
Hoogland T, Hillen B. Intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. An experimental study of length changes in different ligament reconstructions. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984; 185(1):197-202.
36
Howell SM, Barad SJ. Knee extension and its relationship to the slope of the intercondylar roof. Implications for positioning the tibial tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Am J Sports Med. 1995; 23(3):288-94.
37
Howell SM, Clark JA. Tibial tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and graft impingement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992; 283(2):187-95.
38
Howell SM, Taylor MA. Failure of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament due to impingement by the intercondylar roof. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993; 75(7):1044-55.
39
Jackson DW, Gasser SI. Tibial tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1994; 10(2):124-31.
40
Romano VM, Graf BK, Keene JS, Lange RH. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The effect of tibial tunnel placement on range of motion. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(3):415-8.
41
Vergis A, Gillquist J. Graft failure in intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions: a review of the literature. Arthroscopy. 1995; 11(3):312-21.
42
Wright RW, Huston LJ, Spindler KP, Dunn WR, Haas AK, Allen CR, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of the multicenter ACL revision study (MARS) cohort. Am J Sports Med. 2010; 38(10):1979-86.
43
Trojani C, Sbihi A, Djian P, Potel JF, Hulet C, Jouve F, et al. Causes for failure of ACL reconstruction and influence of meniscectomies after revision. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011; 19(2):196-201.
44
Maday MG, Harner CD, Fu FH. Revision ACL surgery: evaluation and treatment. In: Feagin JA (ed) . The crucial ligaments. Diagnosis and treatment of ligamentous injuries about the knee. 2nd ed. New York: Churchill-Livingstone. 1994; pp 711-723.
45
Hosseini A, Lodhia P, Van de Velde SK, Asnis PD, Zarins B, Gill TJ, et al. Tunnel position and graft orientation in failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a clinical and imaging analysis. Int Orthop. 2012; 36(4):845-52.
46
Carson EW, Simonian PT, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Instr Course Lect. 1998; 47(7):361-8.
47
Girgis FG, Marshall JL, Monajem A. The cruciate ligaments of the knee joint. Anatomical, functional and experimental analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975; 106(2):216-31.
48
Bylski-Austrow DI, Grood ES, Hefzy MS, Holden JP, Butler DL. Anterior cruciate ligament replacements: a mechanical study of femoral attachment location, flexion angle at tensioning, and initial tension. J Orthop Res. 1990; 8(4):522-31.
49
Good L, Odensten M, Gillquist J. Sagittal knee stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a patellar tendon strip. A two-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med. 1994; 22(4):518-23.
50
Howell SM, Clark JA, Farley TE. Serial magnetic resonance study assessing the effects of impingement on the MR image of the patellar tendon graft. Arthroscopy. 1992; 8(3):350-8.
51
Getelman MH, Friedman MJ. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999; 7(3):189-98.
52
Tanzer M, Lenczner E. The relationship of intercondylar notch size and content to notchplasty requirement in anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Arthroscopy. 1990; 6(2):89-93.
53
Corsetti JR, Jackson DW. Failure of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: the biologic basis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(4):42-9.
54
Jackson DW, Schaefer RK. Cyclops syndrome: loss of extension following intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1990; 6(3):171-8.
55
Delcogliano A, Franzese S, Branca A, Magi M, Fabbriciani C. Light and scan electron microscopic analysis of cyclops syndrome: etiopathogenic hypothesis and technical solutions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1996; 4(4):194-9.
56
Lindenfeld TN, Wojtys EM, Husain A. Surgical treatment of arthrofibrosis of the knee. Instr Course Lect. 2000; 49(3):211-21.
57
Richmond JC, al Assal M. Arthroscopic management of arthrofibrosis of the knee, including infrapatellar contraction syndrome. Arthroscopy. 1991; 7(2): 144-7.
58
Sprague NF 3rd. Motion-limiting arthrofibrosis of the knee: the role of arthroscopic management. Clin Sports Med. 1987; 6(3):537-49.
59
Brown CH Jr, Carson EW. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Clin Sports Med. 1999; 18(1):109-71.
60
Ristanis S, Giakas G, Papageorgiou CD, Moraiti T, Stergiou N, Georgoulis AD. The effects of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on tibial rotation during pivoting after descending stairs. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2003; 11(6):360-5.
61
Woo SL, Kanamori A, Zeminski J, Yagi M, Papageorgiou C, Fu FH. The effectiveness of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstrings and patellar tendon. A cadaveric study comparing anterior tibial and rotational loads. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002; 84(6):907-14.
62
Gillquist J, Odensten M. Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Arthroscopy. 1988; 4(1):5-9.
63
Howell SM, Clark JA, Farley TE. A rationale for predicting anterior cruciate graft impingement by the intercondylar roof. A magnetic resonance imaging study. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(3):276-82.
64
Zhu Y, Tang RK, Zhao P, Zhu SS, Li YG, Li JB. Double-bundle reconstruction results in superior clinical outcome than single-bundle reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012; 21(5):1085-96.
65
Aglietti P, Giron F, Losco M, Cuomo P, Ciardullo A, Mondanelli N. Comparison between single-and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial. Am J Sports Med. 2010; 38(1):25-34.
66
Siebold R, Dehler C, Ellert T. Prospective randomized comparison of double-bundle versus single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2008; 24(2):137-45.
67
van Eck CF, Kopf S, Irrgang JJ, Blankevoort L, Bhandari M, Fu FH, et al. Single-bundle versus double-bundle reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a meta-analysis--does anatomy matter? Arthroscopy. 2012; 28(3):405-24.
68
Karlsson J, Irrgang JJ, van Eck CF, Samuelsson K, Mejia HA, Fu FH. Anatomic single- and double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, part 2: clinical application of surgical technique. Am J Sports Med. 2011; 39(9):2016-26.
69
Gersoff WK, Clancy WG Jr. Diagnosis of acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament tears. Clin Sports Med. 1988; 7(4):727-38.
70
Noyes FR, Barber SD, Simon R. High tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction in varus angulated, anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. A two- to seven-year follow-up study. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(1):2-12.
71
Yasuda K, Kitamura N, Kondo E, Hayashi R, Inoue M. One-stage anatomic double-bundle anterior and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the autogenous hamstring tendons. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2009; 17(7):800-5.
72
Lo YP, Hsu KY, Chen LH, Wang CJ, Yeh WL, Chan YS, et al. Simultaneous arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament using hamstring and quadriceps tendon autografts. J Trauma. 2009; 66(3):780-8.
73
Zhao J, Huangfu X, He Y, Yang X, Zhu Y. Simultaneous double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous hamstring tendons. Arthroscopy. 2008; 24(11):1205-13.
74
Kurosaka M, Yoshiya S, Andrish JT. A biomechanical comparison of different surgical techniques of graft fixation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions. Am J Sports Med. 1987; 15(3):225-9.
75
Steiner ME, Hecker AT, Brown CH Jr, Hayes WC. Anterior cruciate ligament graft fixation. Comparison of hamstring and patellar tendon grafts. Am J Sports Med. 1994; 22(2):240-6.
76
Gertel TH, Lew WD, Lewis JL, Stewart NJ, Hunter RE. Effect of anterior cruciate ligament graft tensioning direction, magnitude, and flexion angle on knee biomechanics. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(4):572-81.
77
Yoshiya S, Andrish JT, Manley MT, Bauer TW. Graft tension in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. An in vivo study in dogs. Am J Sports Med. 1987; 15(5):464-70.
78
Arnold MP, Lie DT, Verdonschot N, de Graaf R, Amis AA, van Kampen A. The remains of anterior cruciate ligament graft tension after cyclic knee motion. Am J Sports Med. 2005; 33(4):536-42.
79
Arneja S, McConkey MO, Mulpuri K, Chin P, Gilbart MK, Regan WD, et al. Graft tensioning in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy. 2009; 25(2):200-7.
80
Brown HR, Steiner ME. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries. In: Siliski JM (ed). Traumatic disorders of the knee. New York: Springer-Velarg; 1994. pp 193-284.
81
Burks RT, Friederichs MG, Fink B, Luker MG, West HS, Greis PE. Treatment of postoperative anterior cruciate ligament infections with graft removal and early reimplantation. Am J Sports Med. 2003; 31(3):414-8.
82
Poolman RW, Abouali JA, Conter HJ, Bhandari M. Overlapping systematic reviews of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction comparing hamstring autograft with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft: why are they different? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007; 89(7):1542-52.
83
Kartus J, Stener S, Lindahl S, Eriksson BI, Karlsson J. Ipsi- or contralateral patellar tendon graft in anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery. A comparison of two methods. Am J Sports Med. 1998; 26(4):499-504.
84
Shelbourne KD, O’Shea JJ. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the contralateral bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Instr Course Lect. 2002; 51(1):343-6.
85
Colosimo AJ, Heidt RS Jr, Traub JA, Carlonas RL. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a reharvested ipsilateral patellar tendon. Am J Sports Med. 2001; 29(6):746-50.
86
Karns DJ, Heidt RS Jr, Holladay BR, Colosimo AJ. Case report: revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1994; 10(2):148-51.
87
LaPrade RF, Hamilton CD, Montgomery RD, Wentorf F, Hawkins HD. The reharvested central third of the patellar tendon. A histologic and biomechanical analysis. Am J Sports Med. 1997; 25(6):779-85.
88
Proctor CS, Jackson DW, Simon TM. Characterization of the repair tissue after removal of the central one-third of the patellar ligament. An experimental study in a goat model. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997; 79(7):997-1006.
89
Woods GW, Fincher AL, O’Connor DP, Bacon SA. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the lateral third of the ipsilateral patellar tendon after failure of a central-third graft: a preliminary report on 10 patients. Am J Knee Surg. 2001; 14(1):23-31.
90
Rubinstein RA Jr., Shelbourne KD, VanMeter CD, McCarroll JC, Rettig AC. Isolated autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone graft site morbidity. Am J Sports Med. 1994; 22(3):324-7.
91
Greis PE, Johnson DL, Fu FH. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: causes of graft failure and technical considerations of revision surgery. Clin Sports Med. 1993; 12(4):839-52.
92
Noyes FR, Barber SD. The effect of a ligament-augmentation device on allograft reconstructions for chronic ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992; 74 (7):960-73.
93
Amendola A, Fowler P. Allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a sheep model. The effect of synthetic augmentation. Am J Sports Med. 1992; 20(3):336-46.
94
Thompson WO, Harner CD, Jamison J. Immunologic response to fresh frozen patellar tendon allograft for anterior cruciate reconstruction. Trans Orthop Relat Sci. 1994; 19(6):624.
95
Buck BE, Malinin TI. Human bone and tissue allografts. Preparation and safety. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994; 303(2):8-17.
96
Rasmussen TJ, Feder SM, Butler DL, Noyes FR. The effects of 4 Mrad of gamma irradiation on the initial mechanical properties of bone-patellar tendon-bone grafts. Arthroscopy. 1994; 10(2):188-97.
97
Olson EJ, Kang JD, Fu FH, Georgescu HI, Mason GC, Evans CH. The biochemical and histological effects of artificial ligament wear particles: in vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Sports Med. 1988; 16(6):558-70.
98
Pinkowski JL, Reiman PR, Chen SL. Human lymphocyte reaction to freeze-dried allograft and xenograft ligamentous tissue. Am J Sports Med. 1989; 17(5):595-600.
99
Gibbons MJ, Butler DL, Grood ES, Bylski-Austrow DI, Levy MS, Noyes FR. Effects of gamma irradiation on the initial mechanical and material properties of goat bone-patellar tendon-bone allografts. J Orthop Res. 1991; 9(2):209-18.
100
Ritchie JR, Parker RD. Graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(16):65-77.
101
Greis PE, Steadman JR. Revision of failed prosthetic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(12):78-90.
102
Klein W, Jensen KU. Synovitis and artificial ligaments. Arthroscopy. 1992; 8(1):116-24.
103
Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Cincinnati. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(4):116-29.
104
Paulos LE, Rosenberg TD, Grewe SR, Tearse DS, Beck CL. The GORE-TEX anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. A long-term followup. Am J Sports Med. 1992; 20(3):246-52.
105
Steadman JR, Seemann MD, Hutton KS. Revision ligament reconstruction of failed prosthetic anterior cruciate ligaments. Instr Course Lect. 1995; 44(1):417-29.
106
Woods GA, Indelicato PA, Prevot TJ. The Gore-Tex anterior cruciate ligament prosthesis. Two versus three year results. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(1):48-55.
107
Arnoczky SP. Biology of ACL reconstructions: what happens to the graft? Instr Course Lect. 1996; 45(5):229-33.
108
Muneta T, Yamamoto H, Takakuda K, Sakai H, Furuya K. Effects of postoperative immobilization on the reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament. An experimental study in rabbits. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(2):305-13.
109
Jackson DW, Grood ES, Goldstein JD, Rosen MA, Kurzweil PR, Cummings JF, et al. A comparison of patellar tendon autograft and allograft used for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the goat model. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(2):176-85.
110
Rodeo SA, Arnoczky SP, Torzilli PA, Hidaka C, Warren RF. Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. A biomechanical and histological study in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1993; 75(12):1795-803.
111
Cullison TR, Muldoon MP, Gorman JD, Goff WB. The incidence of deep venous thrombosis in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 1996; 12(6):657-9.
112
Safran MR, Harner CD. Technical considerations of revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(12):50-64.
113
Williams JS Jr, Hulstyn MJ, Fadale PD, Lindy PB, Ehrlich MG, Cronan J, et al. Incidence of deep vein thrombosis after arthroscopic knee surgery: a prospective study. Arthroscopy. 1995; 11(6):701-5.
114
Irrgang JJ, Harner CD. Loss of motion following knee ligament reconstruction. Sports Med. 1995; 19(2):150-9.
115
Strum GM, Friedman MJ, Fox JM, Ferkel RD, Dorey FH, Del Pizzo W, et al. Acute anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Analysis of complications. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990; 253(10):184-9.
116
Paulos LE, Wnorowski DC, Greenwald AE. Infrapatellar contracture syndrome. Diagnosis, treatment, and long-term followup. Am J Sports Med. 1994; 22(4):440-9.
117
Mayr HO, Weig TG, Plitz W. Arthrofibrosis following ACL reconstruction--reasons and outcome. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004; 124(8):518-22.
118
Noyes FR, Mangine RE, Barber SD. The early treatment of motion complications after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992; 277(17):217-28.
119
Noyes FR, Wojtys EM, Marshall MT. The early diagnosis and treatment of developmental patella infera syndrome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991; 265(6):241-52.
120
Shelbourne KD, Patel DV. Timing of surgery in anterior cruciate ligament-injured knees. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1995; 3(3):148-56.
121
Shelbourne KD, Trumper RV. Preventing anterior knee pain after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 1997; 25(1):41-7.
122
Weiss RA, Re LP, Rintz KG. Incidence of anterior knee pain after treatment for anterior cruciate ligament rupture. Arthroscopy. 1993; 9(1):366-7.
123
Speer KP, Spritzer CE, Bassett FH 3rd, Feagin JA Jr, Garrett WE Jr. Osseous injury associated with acute tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. Am J Sports Med. 1992; 20(4):382-9.
124
Spindler KP, Schils JP, Bergfeld JA, Andrish JT, Weiker GG, Anderson TE, et al. Prospective study of osseous, articular, and meniscal lesions in recent anterior cruciate ligament tears by magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopy. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(4):551-7.
125
Shelbourne KD, Nitz PA. The O’Donoghue triad revisited. Combined knee injuries involving anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament tears. Am J Sports Med. 1991; 19(5):474-7.
126
DeHaven KE. Diagnosis of acute knee injuries with hemarthrosis. Am J Sports Med. 1980; 8(1):9-14.
127
Indelicato PA, Bittar ES. A perspective of lesions associated with ACL insufficiency of the knee. A review of 100 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1985; 198(3):77-80.
128
Keene GC, Bickerstaff D, Rae PJ, Paterson RS. The natural history of meniscal tears in anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21(5):672-9.
129
McDaniel WJ Jr, Dameron TB Jr. Untreated ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament. A follow-up study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980; 62(5):696-705.
130
Warren RF. Meniscectomy and repair in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient patient. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990; 252(5):55-63.
131
Cooper DE, Arnoczky SP, Warren RF. Arthroscopic meniscal repair. Clin Sports Med. 1990; 9(3):589-607.
132
Allen CR, Wong EK, Livesay GA, Sakane M, Fu FH, Woo SL. Importance of the medial meniscus in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. J Orthop Res. 2000; 18(1):109-15.
133
Levy IM, Torzilli PA, Warren RF. The effect of medial meniscectomy on anterior-posterior motion of the knee. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982; 64(6):883-8.
134
Brophy RH, Wright RW, David TS, McComack RG, Sekiya JK, Svoboda SJ, et al. Association between previous meniscal surgery and the incidence of chondral lesions at revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2012; 40(4):808-14.
135
Johnson DS, Smith RB. Outcome measurement in the ACL deficient knee--what’s the score? Knee. 2001; 8(1):51-7.
136
Wang D, Jones MH, Khair MM, Miniaci A. Patient-reported outcome measures for the knee. J Knee Surg. 2010; 23(3):137-51.
137
Wirth CJ, Kohn D. Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery: experience from Germany. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 325(5):110-5.
138
Grossman MG, ElAttrache NS, Shields CL, Glousman RE. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: three- to nine-year follow-up. Arthroscopy. 2005; 21(4):418-23.
139
Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Revision anterior cruciate surgery with use of bone-patellar tendon-bone autogenous grafts. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001; 83(8):1131-43.
140
O’Neill DB. Revision arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with previously unharvested ipsilateral autografts. Am J Sports Med. 2004; 32(8):1833-41.
141
Noyes FR, Barber-Westin SD. Anterior cruciate ligament revision reconstruction: results using a quadriceps tendon-patellar bone autograft. Am J Sports Med. 2006; 34(4):553-64.
142
Wright RW, Gill CS, Chen L, Brophy RH, Matava MJ, Smith MV, et al. Outcome of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012; 94(6):531-6.
143
Safran MR, Harner CD. Revision ACL surgery: technique and results utilizing allografts. Instr Course Lect. 1995; 44(2):407-15.
144
Ciccotti MG, Lombardo SJ, Nonweiler B, Pink M. Non-operative treatment of ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament in middle-aged patients. Results after long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994; 76(9):1315-21.
145
McCarty L, Pearce I, Bach BR Jr. Rehabilitation after patellar tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tech Orthop. 2005; 20(4):439-51.
146
Wright R, Spindler K, Huston L, Amendola A, Andrish J, Brophy R, et al. Revision ACL reconstruction outcomes: MOON cohort. J Knee Surg. 2011; 24(4):289-94.
147
Thomas NP, Kankate R, Wandless F, Pandit H. Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using a 2-stage technique with bone grafting of the tibial tunnel. Am J Sports Med. 2005; 33(11):1701-9.
148
Wilde J, Bedi A, Altchek DW. Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Sports Health. 2014; 6(6):504-18.
149
Wright RW, Gill CS, Chen L, Brophy RH, Matava MJ, Smith MV, et al. Outcome of Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012; 94(6):531-6.
150
Spindler KP, Kuhn JE, Freedman KB, Matthews CE, Dittus RS, Harrell FE Jr. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction autograft choice: bone-tendon-bone versus hamstring: does it really matter? A systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2004; 32(8):1986-95.
151
Wright RW, Magnussen RA, Dunn WR, Spindler KP. Ipsilateral graft and contralateral ACL rupture at five years following ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011; 93(12):1159-65.
152
Gifstad T, Drogset JO, Viset A, Grontvedt T, Sofie G, Hortemo GS. Inferior results after revision ACL reconstructions: a comparison with primary ACL reconstructions. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013; 21(9):2011–8.
153
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Knee Fusion or Above-The-Knee Amputation after Failed Two-Stage Reimplantation Total Knee Arthroplasty
Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Control of infection after a failed two-stage TKA is not always possible, and the resolution of infection may require an above-knee amputation (AKA) or a the-knee (KF). The purpose of this review is to determine which treatment method (AKA or KF) yields better function and ambulatory status for patients after a failed two-stage reimplantation. A PubMed search related to the resolution of infection by means of an above-the-knee amputation (AKA) or a knee fusion was performed until 10 January 2015. The key words were: infected TKA and above-the-knee amputation. Five hundred and sixty-six papers were found, of which ten were reviewed because they were focused on the topic of the article. KF should be strongly considered as the treatment of choice for patients who have persistent infected TKA after a failed two-stage revision arthroplasty. Patients can walk at least inside the house, and activity of daily living independence is achieved by the patients with successful KF, although walking aids, including a shoe lift, are required. An intramedullary nail leads to better functional results than an external fixator. The functional outcome after AKA performed after TKA is poor. A substantial percentage of the patients never fit with a prosthesis, and those who are seldom obtain functional independence. Only 50% of patients are able to walk after AKA. Patients receiving KF for treating recurrent PJI after TKA have better function and ambulatory status compared to patients receiving AKA. KF must be recommended as the treatment of choice for patients who have persistent infected TKA after a failed two-stage reimplantation procedure.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4237_da0ba13ebba4cbbda14e70c8bf2b9849.pdf
2015-10-01
241
243
10.22038/abjs.2015.4237
Above-the-knee amputation
Infection
Knee fusion
Total knee arthroplasty
E. Carlos
Rodriguez-Merchan
ecrmerchan@hotmail.com
1
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046-Madrid, Spain
LEAD_AUTHOR
Parvizi J, Zmistowski B, Adeli B. Periprosthetic joint infection: treatment options. Orthopedics. 2010;33(9):659.
1
Wu CH, Gray CF, Lee GC. Arthrodesis should be strongly considered after failed two-stage reimplantation TKA. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(11):3295-304
2
Sierra RJ, Trousdale RT, Pagnano MW. Above-the-knee amputation after a total knee replacement: prevalence, etiology, and functional outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(6):1000-4.
3
Moyad TF, Thornhill T, Estok D. Evaluation and management of the infected total hip and knee. Orthopedics. 2008;31(6):581-8.
4
Fedorka CJ, Chen AF, McGarry WM, Parvizi J, Klatt BA. Functional ability after above-the-knee amputation for infected total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(4):1024-32.
5
Chen AF, Kinback NC, Heyl AE, McClain EJ, Klatt BA. Better function for fusions versus above-the-knee amputations for recurrent periprosthetic knee infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470(10):2737-45.
6
Taheri A, Karimi MT. Evaluation of the gait performance of above-knee amputees while walking with 3R20 and 3R15knee joints. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17(3):258-63.
7
Watanabe K, Minowa T, Takeda S, Otsubo H, Kobayashi T, Kura H, et al. Outcomes of knee arthrodesis following infected total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis of 8 cases. Mod Rheumatol. 2014;24(2):243-9.
8
Iacono F, Raspugli GF, Bruni D, Lo Presti M, Sharma B, Akkawi I, et al. Arthrodesis after infected revision TKA: Retrospective comparison of intramedullary nailing and external fixation. HSS J. 2013;9(3):229-35.
9
Schwarzkopf R, Kahn TL, Succar J, Ready JE. Success of different knee arthrodesis techniques after failed total knee arthroplasty: Is there a preferred technique?. J Arthroplasty. 2014 ;29(5):982-8.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation of Reconstructed Scaphoid Morphology with Clinical Outcomes
Background: Scaphoid malunion alters the carpal kinematics and impairs clinical outcome because of pain, weakness, restricted range of motion and predisposing the wrist joint to early osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the scaphoid morphological angles on clinical outcomes in patients with reconstructed scaphoid by non-vascularized bone graft. Methods: Seventeen male patients with the mean age of 31.7±3.7 years and mean non-union time of 31.5±14.7 months were enrolled in this retrospective study. Average follow up was 48.8±9.4 months. At the last follow-up, the patients were evaluated clinically for pain, wrist range of motion, grip strength, and wrist functional status. They were also evaluated radiologically by wrist radiographs and computerized tomography (CT). The overall clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Cooney wrist function score. The morphology of the reconstructed scaphoids was evaluated by the lateral intrascaphoid angle, antroposterior intrascaphoid angle, dorsal cortical angle, measuring the length (mm), and height-to-length ratio on CT scan. The radiological measurements were compared against the overall clinical outcomes. Results: There were 7 excellent, 7 good, 3 fair clinical results. The mean Cooney wrist function score was 83±4. The mean lateral intrascaphoid angle was 34.8±1.4 degrees, mean antroposterior intrascaphoid angle was 33.4±2.2 degrees, mean dorsal cortical angle was 158.3±4.8 degrees, mean scaphoid length was 22.1± 0.7 mm, and mean scaphoid height-to-length ratio was 0.74±0.04. There were no significant statistical correlations between the lateral intrascaphoid angles, antroposterior intrascaphoid angles, dorsal cortical angles, scaphoid lengths and scaphoid height-to-length ratios and Cooney wrist scores in the patients. Conclusion: In the current study, all the patients had some degree of scaphoid malunion; however, the radiological measurements of the reconstructed scaphoids did not correlate with the clinical outcomes.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4712_a98059feca726881d40283bfe63d88e2.pdf
2015-10-01
244
249
10.22038/abjs.2015.4712
Intrascaphoid angle
Scaphoid fracture
Scaphoid non-union
Scaphoid mal-union
Scaphoid morphology
Ahmadreza
Afshar
afshar_ah@yahoo.com
1
Department of Orthopedics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afshin
Mohammadi
mohamadi_afshin@yahoo.com
2
Department of Radiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Kian
Zohrabi
k_zohrabi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Orthopedics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasrin
Navaeifar
navaeifarnasrin@yahoo.com
4
Department of Orthopedics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Sam
Sami
samhaji@yahoo.com
5
Department of Orthopedics, Shafa Yahyaian Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Taleb
hassantaleb_dr@yahoo.com
6
Department of Orthopedics, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Barton NJ. The late consequences of scaphoid fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004; 86(5):626- 30.
1
Barton NJ. Twenty questions about scaphoid ractures. J Hand Surg Br. 1992; 17(3):289-310.
2
Megerle K, Harenberg PS, Germann G, Hellmich S. Scaphoid morphology and clinical outcomes in scaphoid reconstructions. Injury. 2012; 43(3):306-10.
3
Hung LK. Scaphoid malunion. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2002; 6(2):104-8.
4
Capito AE, Higgins JP. Scaphoid overstuffing: the effects of the dimensions of scapoid reconstruction on scapholunate alignment. J Hand Surg Am. 2013; 38(12):2419-25.
5
Buijze GA, Ochtman L, Ring D. Management of scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg Am. 2012; 37(5):1095-100.
6
Dias JJ, Singh HP. Displaced fracture of the waist of the scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011; 93(11):1433-9.
7
Fisk GR. An overview of injuries of the wrist. Clin Orthop Relat Res.1980; 149(6):137–44.
8
Lee CH, Lee KH, Lee BG, Kim DY, Choi WS. Clinical outcome of scaphoid malunion as a result of scaphoid fracture nonunion surgical treatment: A 5-year minimum follow-up study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015; 101(3):359-63.
9
Sendher R, Ladd AL. The scaphoid. Orthop Clin North Am. 2013; 44(1):107-20.
10
ten Berg PW, Dobbe JG, Strackee SD, Streekstra GJ. Quantifying Scaphoid malalignment based upon height-to-length ratios obtained by 3-dimensional computed tomography. J Hand Surg Am. 2015; 40(1):67-73.
11
Watanabe K. Analysis of carpal malalignment caused by scaphoid nonunion and evaluation of corrective bone graft on carpal alignment. J Hand Surg Am. 2011; 36(1):10-6.
12
Green DP. The effect of avascular necrosis on Russe bone grafting for scaphoid nonunion. J Hand Surg Am. 1985; 10(5):597-605.
13
Cooney WP, Bussey R, Dobyns JH, Linscheid RL. Difficult wrist fractures; perilunate fracture-dislocation of the wrist. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987; 214(3):136–47.
14
Amadio PC, Berquist TH, Smith DK, Ilstrup DM, Cooney WP 3rd, Linscheid RL. Scaphoid malunion. J Hand Surg Am. 1989; 14(4):679-87.
15
Fernández DL, Martin CJ, González del Pino J. Scaphoid malunion. The significance of rotational malalignment. J Hand Surg Br. 1998; 23(6):771-5.
16
Bain GI, Bennett JD, MacDermid JC, Slethaug GP, Richards RS, Roth JH. Measurement of the scaphoid humpback deformity using longitudinal computed tomography: intra- and interobserver variability using various measurement techniques. J Hand Surg Am. 1998; 23(1):76-81.
17
El-Karef EA. Corrective osteotomy for symptomatic scaphoid malunion. Injury. 2005; 36(12):1440-8.
18
Ring D, Patterson JD, Levitz S, Wang C, Jupiter JB. Both scanning plane and observer affect measurements of scaphoid deformity. J Hand Surg Am. 2005; 30(4):696–701.
19
Jiranek WA, Ruby LK, Millender LB, Bankoff MS, Newberg AH. Long-term results after Russe bone-grafting: the effect of malunion of the scaphoid. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992; 74(8):1217-28.
20
Forward DP, Singh HP, Dawson S, Davis TR. The clinical outcome of scaphoid fracture malunion at 1 year. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2009; 34(1):40–6.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Normal Age-Related Alterations on Distal Radius Radiography
Background: The present study was designed to ascertain serial changes on distal radius radiographic parameters attributable to aging. Methods: In this prospective study, the sample consisted of 120 healthy individuals who were divided into four age groups each containing 15 males and 15 females. In the two below-20-year-old groups, only ulnar variance could be investigated. Wrist radiography was taken and then parameters of the distal radius were measured and compared based on age and sex. Results: Average UV was -2.48 mm and -1.6 mm in the 2-9 and 10-19-year-old age groups, respectively. Also, in the two above-20-year-old groups, the average radial inclination (RI), palmar tilt (PT), radial length (RL), and UV was 23.7º, 12.4º, 10.5 and +1.1 mm, respectively. Considering ulnar variance, no significant difference was found between the 2-9- and 10-19-year-old groups, as well as among the two above-20-year-old groups. However, a significant difference was observed between the below 20 and above 20 groups. The study results showed no significant differences between males and females in any of the study groups. Discussion: There is significant ulnar variance change toward less negative ulnar variance with aging until maturity.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4677_363b932687f50c47865bfde45a25eb36.pdf
2015-10-01
250
253
10.22038/abjs.2015.4677
AGE
Palmar tilt
Radial inclination
Radial length
Ulnar variance
Hamid
Namazi
namazih@sums.ac.ir
1
Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rohallah
Khaje
khajehr@sums.ac.ir
2
Bone and Joint Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ruch Ds, Gueen MM. Distal radius and ulna fractures. In: Bulcholz RW, Cou Brown CM, Heckman JD, Tonetta III P, (editors). Rockwood and Green’s fractures in adults. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010. p. 830-32,836-39.
1
Friberg S, Lundstrom B. Radiographic measurements of the radio carpal joint in normal adults. Acta Radiol Diagn. 1976; 17(2):249-56.
2
Waters PM, Bae DS. Fractures of the distal radius and ulna. In: Beaty JH, Kasser J, (editors). Rockwood and Wilkins’ fractures in children. Philadelphia: Lippinncott Williams and Wilkins; 2010. p. 293-96.
3
Adams BD. Distal radioulnar joint instability. In: Green’s Dp, Hptchkiss RN, Peders WC, Wolfe SW, (editors). Green’s operative hand surgery. St Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2005. p. 610-11.
4
Karlsson MK, Obrant KJ, Josefsson PO. Osteoporotic Fractures. In: Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court Brown C, (editors). Rackwood and Green’s Fracture in adults. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2006. p. 617.
5
Medoff RJ. Essential radiographic evaluation for distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2005; 21(3):279-88.
6
Kholsa S, Riggs BL, Atkinson EJ, Oberg AL, McDaniel LJ, Holets M, et al. Effect of sex and age on bone microstructure at the ultradistal radius: A populstion based noninvasive in vivo assessment. J Bone Miner Res. 2006; 21(1):124-31.
7
Johnson PG, Szabo RM. Angle measurements of the distal radius: a cadaver study. Skeletal Radiol. 1993; 22(4):243-6.
8
Uzun I, Iscan MY, Celbis O. Forearm bones and sexual variation in Turkish population. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2011; 32(4):355-8.
9
Rathjen KE, Birch JG. Physeal injuries and growth disturbances. In: Beaty JH, Kasser J, (editors). Rockwood and Wilkins’ fractures in children. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010. p. 94-5.
10
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Introduction of a New Suture Method in Repair of Peripheral Nerves Injured with a Sharp Mechanism
Background: The standard method for repair of an injured peripheal nerve is epineural repair with separate sutures. Herein we describe a method in which the nerve is sutured with continous sutures. In fact this method has not been utilized for nerve repair previously and our purpose was to compare it to the standard method. If it proved to be successful it would replace the standard method in certain circumstances. Methods: The proposal of the clinical trial was given a reference number form the ethics comitee. 25 dogs in which the scaitic nerve was cut by a sharp blade under genaeral anesthesia were divided randomly into three groups: control (5 dogs), repair of sciatic nerve with simple sutures (10) and repair with continous sutures (10). In the control group the nerve was not repaired at all. After 6 weeks the dogs were killed and the nerve was studied by light and electronic microscopes. The amount of consumed suture material, time of repair, myelin thickness and axon diiameter were examined. Ultrastructural studies were performed to assess degeneration and regeneration findings. Results: Time of repair and the amount of consumed suture material were significantly lower in the continous group (P<0.001). No difference was found with regard to light microscopy findings and regeneration was confirmed by electron microscopy in the continous group. Conclusion: The method described in the present study, provided a result similar to the standard method. Though undobtfully it has some limitations, can replace the standard method in many circumstances.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4680_92b7bccab91b98bd5c56a9062e9ad282.pdf
2015-10-01
254
259
10.22038/abjs.2015.4680
Nerve regeneration
Peripheral nerve injuries
Sutures
Alireza
Saied
arsaiedmd@yahoo.com
1
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Dr Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Majid
Asadi Shekar
m_asady@yahoo.com
2
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Dr Bahonar
Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman,
Iran
AUTHOR
Amirreza
Sadeghifar
amirsf2000@yahoo.com
3
Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Dr Bahonar Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Karbalaeikhani
a.karbalaei48@yahoo.com
4
AJA University of Medical Sciences, Emam Reza Hospital , Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seddon HJ. The use of autogenous grafts for the repair of large gaps in peripheral nerves. Br J Surg. 1947;35(138):151-67.
1
Zeev-Brann AB, Lazarov-Spiegler O, Brenner T, Schwartz M. Differential effects of central and peripheral nerves on macrophages and microglia. Glia. 1998; 23(3):181-90.
2
Tupper JW, Crick JC, Matteck LR. Fascicular nerve repairs. A comparative study of epineurial and fascicular (perineurial) techniques. Orthop Clin North Am. 1988; 19(1):57-69.
3
Hurst LC, Badalamente MA, Ellstein J, Stracher A. Inhibition of neural and muscle degeneration after epineural neurorrhaphy. J Hand Surg Am. 1984; 9(4):564-72.
4
Boedts D. A comparative experimental study on nerve repair. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1987; 244(1):1-6.
5
Birch R. Nerve Repair. In: Wolfe SW, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Kozin SH (editors). Green’s operative hand surgery. 6th ed. philadelphia: Elsevier, Churchil Livingstone. 2010; Chapter 32.
6
Schlechter B, Guyuron B. A comparison of different suture techniques for microvascular anastomosis. Ann Plast Surg. 1994; 33(1):28-31.
7
Noble J, Munro CA, Prasad VS, Midha R. Analysis of upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve injuries in a population of patients with multiple injuries. J Trauma. 1998; 45(1):116-22.
8
Jobe MT, Martinez SF. Peripheral nerve injuries. In: Canale ST, Beaty JH (editors). Campbell’soperative orthopedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Pensylvania. 2008; p.3651–2.
9
Hudson AR, Hunter D, Kline DG, Bratton BR. Histological studies of experimental interfascicular graft repairs. J Neurosurg. 1979; 51(3):333-40.
10
Bratton BR, Kline DG, Coleman W, Hudson AR. Experimental interfascicular nerve grafting. J Neurosurg. 1979; 51(3):323-32.
11
Lundborg G, Rosén B, Dahlin L, Danielsen N, Holmberg J. Tubular versus conventional repair of median and ulnar nerves in the human forearm: early results from a prospective, randomized, clinical study. J Hand Surg Am. 1997; 22(1):99-106.
12
Levinthal R, Brown WJ, Rand RW. Comparison of fascicular, interfascicular and epineural suture techniques in the repair of simple nerve lacerations. J Neurosurg. 1977; 47(5):744-50.
13
Brushart TM, Tarlov EC, Mesulam MM. Specificity of muscle reinnervation after epineurial and individual fascicular suture of the rat sciatic nerve. J Hand Surg Am. 1983, 8(3):248–53.
14
Ogata K, Naito M. Blood flow of peripheral nerve effects of dissection, stretching and compression. J Hand Surg Br. 1986, 11(1):10–4.
15
Butler PE, Sims CD, Randolph MA, Menkes D, Onorato J, Lee WP. A comparative study of nerve healing in adult, neonatal, and fetal rabbits. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999; 104(5):1386-92.
16
Schlechter B, Guyuron B. A comparison of different suture techniques for microvascular anastomosis. Ann Plast Surg.1994; 33(1):28-31.
17
Lee BY, Thoden WR, Brancato RF, Kavner D, Shaw W, Madden JL. Comparison of continuous and interrupted suture techniques in microvascular anastomosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1982; 155(3):353-7.
18
Wheatley MJ, Mathes SJ, Hassett C. Comparison of continuous and interrupted suture techniques in microvascular end-to-side anastomosis. J Reconstr Microsurg. 1986; 2(2):93-6.
19
Peerless SJ, Gamache FW Jr, Hunter IG. Continuous suture method for microvascular anastomosis: technical note. Neurosurgery. 1981; 8(6):695-8.
20
Firsching R, Terhaag PD, Muller W, Frowein RA. Continuous and interrupted suture technique in microsurgical end-to-end anastomosis. Microsurgery. 1984; 5(2):80-4.
21
Hamilton RB, O’Brien BM. An experimental study of microvascular patency using a continuous suture technique. Br J Plast Surg. 1979; 32(3):153-4.
22
Chen L, Chiu DT. Spiral interrupted suturing technique for microvascular anastomosis: a comparative study. Microsurgery. 1986; 7(2):72-8.
23
Canpolat L, Kunkner A, Canpolat I, Ozan E. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of peripheral nerve regeneration within silicone tubes. Tur J Med Sci. 1999; 29(2):203-10.
24
Goel RK, Suri V, Suri A, Sarkar C, Mohanty S, Sharma MC, et al. Effect of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells on nerve regeneration in the transection model of the rat sciatic nerve. J Clin Neurosci. 2009; 16(9):1211-7.
25
Navarro X, Udina E. Chapter 6: Methods and protocols in peripheral nerve regeneration experimental research: part III-electrophysiological evaluation. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2009; 87(23):105-26.
26
Goel Rk, Suri V, Suri A, Sarkar C, Mohanty S, Sharma MC, et al. Effect of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells on nerve regeneration in the transection model of the rat sciatic nerve. J Clin Neurosci. 2009; 16(9):1211–7.
27
Canpolat L, Kunkner A, Canpolat I, Ozan E. Ultrastructural and morphometric analysis of peripheral nerve regeneration within silicone tubes. Tur J Med Sci. 1999; 29(2):203-10.
28
Silva-Neto JC, Vavsconcelos BC, Silva-Júnior VA, Beder-Ribeiro CM. Functional histopathological and morphometric study of the use of gangliosides in nerve regeneration in rats after axonotmesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009; 38(6):682–8.
29
Ding T, Luo ZJ, Zheng Y, Hu XY, Ye ZX. Rapid repair and regeneration of damaged rabbit sciatic nerves by tissue-engineered scaffold made from nano-silver and collagen type I. Injury. 2010; 41(5):522–7.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Outcome of ACL Reconstruction and Concomitant Articular Injury Treatment
Background: Articular cartilage injuries are a common clinical problem at the time of ACL reconstruction with an incidence rate of 16-46%. Good results of ACL reconstruction combined with the treatment of chondral lesions have been published in some studies. Method: After statistical analysis 30 patients were selected and divided in 2 groups. TheFfirst group consisted of 15 patients wite isolated ACL tear without any other concomitant injuries and the second group consisted of 15 patients with ACL tear and concomitant high grade (grade 3 or 4 of outerbridge classification) contained articular cartilage injuries during arthroscopy. Group 1 underwent ACL reconstruction and group 2 underwent ACL reconstruction combined with chondroplasty via the drilling and microfracture technique. For each patient the Lysholm knee score questionnaire was completed before surgery, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. Results: The mean Lysholm knee score in both groups improves: 9.6 points after 6 months and 16.06 points after 1 year in group 1 and 23.26 points after 6 months and 30.66 after 1 year in group 2, whict was statistically significant (Pvalue<0.05). Conclusion: Improvement in the Lysholm knee score in both groups showed that ACL reconstruction concomitant with high grade chondral injury chondroplasty with microfracture and drilling techniques have good results with patient satisfaction and improves their quality of life.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4305_661f3aa77841552251fe1ae358b22760.pdf
2015-10-01
260
263
10.22038/abjs.2015.4305
anterior cruciate ligament
Chondral injury
Lysholm knee score
Seyed Mohammad
Tahami
mohammad.tahami@yahoo.com
1
Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohammad
Derakhshan rad
brusella2000@yahoo.com
2
Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Brophy RH, Zelster D, Wright RW, Flanigan D. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and articular cartilage Injury: Incidence and treatment. Arthroscopy. 2010; 26(1):112-20.
1
Siegel L, Vandenakker-Albanese C, Siegel D.Anterior cruciate ligament injuries: anatomy, physiology, biomechanics, and management. Clin J Sport Med. 2012; 22(4):349-55.
2
Rahr-Wagner L, Thillemann T, Pedersen A, Lind M. Comparison of hamstring tendon and patellar tendon grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a nationwide population-based cohort study: results from the Danish registery of knee ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2013; 42(2):278-84.
3
Chen G, Tang X, Li Q, Zheng G, Yang T, Li J. The evaluation of patient-specific factors associated with meniscal and chondral injuries accompanying ACL rupture in young adult patients.Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;23(2):792-8.
4
Shelbourne K, Gray T. Results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction based on meniscus and articular cartilage status at the time of surgery. Five to fifteen year evaluations. Am J Sports Med. 2000; 28(4):446-52.
5
Takeda T, Matsumoto H, fujikawa K. Influence of secondary damage to menisci and articular cartilage on return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sci. 1997; 2(4):215-21
6
Friemert B, Oberlander Y, Schwarz W, Haberle H, Bahren W, Gerngross H, et al.Diagnosis of chondral lesions of the knee joint: can MRI replace arthroscopy? A prospective study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2004; 12(1):58-64.
7
Dandy DJ. Abrasion chondroplasty. Arthroscopy. 1986; 2(1):51-3.
8
Matsusue Y, Yamamuro T, Hama H. Arthroscopic multiple osteochondral transplantation to the chondral defect in the knee associated with anterior cruciate ligament disruption. Arthroscopy. 1993; 9(3):318-21.
9
Peterson L, Minas T, Brittberg M, Lindahl A. Treatment of osteochondritis disecans of the knee with autologus chondrocyte transplantation: results at two to ten years. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003; 85-A Suppl 2:17-24.
10
Amin AA, Bartlett W, Gooding CR, Sood M, Skinner JA, Carrington RW, et al. The use of autologus chondrocyte implantation following and combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Int Orthop. 2006; 30(1):48-53.
11
Gaweda K, Walawski J, Wegłowski R, Patyra M. Rehabilitation after one-stage anterior cruciate reconstruction and osteochondral grafting. Int Orthop. 2006; 30(3):185-9.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Functional Outcome Following Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction with Rigid Fix: A Retrospective Observational Study
Background: No uniform consensus exists to decide type of fixation for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothsis: There is similar functional outcome after rigid fix compared to other methods of fixation which has been published. Study design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: A total of 50 patients underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons using femoral Rigid fix cross-pin and interference screw tibial fixation. The evaluation methods were clinical examination, IKDC scores, Lysholm and pre injury and post reconstruction Tegner score. Patients were followed up from minimum of 6 months to 4 year seven months. Results: C In our study of sample size 50 we found that mean age of patients was 30.8 Years with male preponderance. Mean post operative IKDC and Lysholm score has been 75.6 and 84.4 respectively.Mean Tegner pre-injury score and post reconstruction score has been 5.4 and 4.26 .Box plot comparison of pre injury and post operativeTegner score reveals a statistically significant difference with respect to paired t test P Conclusions: Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with femoral rigid fix cross pins and tibial interference screws results in comparable short term to midterm functional results compared to other types of fixation
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4338_e3cb7ca2fdacfec3120e5f882ec5a1f0.pdf
2015-10-01
264
268
10.22038/abjs.2015.4338
anterior cruciate ligament
Arthroscopy
Interference screw
Rigid fix
Tegner score
Satish
Shervegar
amitgrover88@yahoo.co.in
1
MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Prashanth
Nagaraj
drprashanthnagaraj@rediffmail.com
2
Sparsh Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Amit
Grover
amitgrover88@gmail.com
3
MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Niranthara
Ganesh D.J.
drniranthar@gmail.com
4
MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Abdul
Ravoof
drrohitchopra71@gmail.com
5
Adichunchungiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellur, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
Fu FH ,Bennet CH,Latterman C and MA CB. Current trends in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Part 1: Biology and biomechanics of reconstruction.Current concepts. Am J Sports Med. 1999; 27(6):821-30.
1
Lyman S, Koulouvaris P, Sherman S, Do H, Mandl LA, Marx RG. Epidemiology of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: trends, readmissions, and subsequent knee surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009; 91(10):2321-8.
2
Frank CB, Jackson DW. Current concepts review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998; 79(10);1556-75
3
Johnson RJ, Beynnon BD, Nicholas CE, Renstrom PA. The treatment of injuries to antrerior cruciate ligament current concepts review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992; 74(1);140-51
4
Eajazi A, Madadi F, Madadi F, Boreiri M. Comparison of Different Methods of Femoral Fixation Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Acta Medica Iranica. 2013; 51(7):444-8.
5
Studler U, White LM, Naraghi AM, Tomlinson G, Kunz M, Kahn G. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by using bioabsorbable femoral cross pins: MR imaging findings at follow-up and comparison with clinical findings. Radiology. 2010; 255(1):108-16.
6
Choi NH, Lee JH, Victoroff BN. Do broken cross-pins compromise stability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions with hamstring tendons?.Arthroscopy. 2007; 23(12):1334-40.
7
Asik M, Sen C, Tuncay I, Erdil M, Avci C, Taser OF. Comparison between Rigidfix and bio-Transfix The mid- to long-term results of the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with hamstring tendons using Transfix technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007; 15(8):965-72.
8
Seo SS, Kim CW, Nam TS, Choi SY. ACL Reconstruction with Autologous Hamstring Tendon: Comparison of Short Term Clinical Results between Rigid-i x and PINN-ACL Cross Pin. Korea Knee Surg Relat Res. 2011;23(4):208-12
9
Musil D, Sadovský P, Stehlík J.BTB allograft for revision surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament - part 2. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2005;72(5):297-303.
10
Monaco E, Labianca L, Speranza A, Agrò AM, Camillieri G, D’Arrigo C, et al. Biomechanical evaluation of different anterior cruciate ligament fixation techniques for hamstring graft. J Orthop Sci. 2010;15(1):125-31.
11
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Risk of Spermatic Cord Injury During Anterior Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Surgery: An Anatomical Study
Background: Anterior pelvic ring surgery includes a variety of plating techniques and insertion of retrograde superior pubic ramus screws. Anterior acetabular surgery also includes fixation through an ilioinguinal or Stoppa approach. These exposures risk injury to the spermatic cord and accompanying genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. The primary aim of this study was to identify the distance between the midline and the spermatic cords in adult male cadaveric specimens. The secondary aim was to determine spermatic cord diameters and measure the distance between the spermatic cord and implant during instrumentation of a retrograde superior pubic ramus medullary screw. Methods: Extended Pfannenstiel and Stoppa approaches were performed on 18 embalmed male cadavers bilaterally. Spermatic cord characteristics were recorded and a number of measurements were performed to determine the distance of implants and the midline from the spermatic cord. Results: The average distance between the midline and spermatic cords was 34.2 mm. The average distance between the spermatic cord and implant was 18.2 mm. Eleven of the thirty-six dissections had abnormalities including cord lipomas and inguinal hernias. The average cord diameter was 18.6 mm. The average cord diameter in those with abnormalities was 24.9 mm and 16 mm in those without abnormalities, this difference was statistically significant. Discussion: Due to the proximity of the spermatic cord, the surgeon should either formally expose the cord or limit lateral dissection from the midline during Pfannenstiel and Stoppa exposures. Similarly, the surgeon should use soft-tissue sleeves and oscillating drills to avoid injury to the contralateral spermatic cord during the insertion of retrograde superior pubic ramus medullary screws.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4303_b55ab633a13811291a69320106d0ad70.pdf
2015-10-01
269
273
10.22038/abjs.2015.4303
Acetabular surgery
Ilioinguinal approach
Retrograde ramus screw
Spermatic cord
Stoppa
Reza
Firoozabadi
rezaf2@uw.edu
1
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Milton
Routt
chiproutt@gmail.com
2
Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA
AUTHOR
Paul
Stafford
paulryanstafford@gmail.com
3
Orthopedic and Trauma Service of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK USA
AUTHOR
Barei D, Bellabarba C, Mills W, Routt MJ. Percutaneous management of unstable pelvic ring disruptions. Injury. 2001; 32 (Suppl 1):33-44.
1
Routt MJ, Simonian P, Swiontkowski M. Stabilization of pelvic ring disruptions. Orthop Clin North Am. 1997; 28(3):369-88.
2
Routt MJ, Nork S, Mills W. Percutaneous fixation of pelvic ring disruptions. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000; 375:15-29.
3
Routt MJ, Simonian P, Grujic L. The retrograde medullary superior pubic ramus screw for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring disruptions: a new technique. J Orthop Trauma. 1995; 9(1):35-44.
4
Cole J, Bolhofner B. Acetabular fracture fixation via a modified Stoppa limited intrapelvic approach. Description of operative technique and preliminary treatment results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994; 305:112-23.
5
Karunakar M, Le T, Bosse M. The modified ilioinguinal approach. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18(6):379-83.
6
Kottmeier S, Farcy JP, Baruch H. The ilioinguinal approach to acetabular fracture management. Oper Tech Orthop. 1993; 3(1):60-70.
7
Letournel E. Fractures of the Acetabulum. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1993.
8
Andersen R, O’Toole R, Nascone J, Sciadini M, Frisch H, Turen C. Modified stoppa approach for acetabular fractures with anterior and posterior column displacement: quantification of radiographic reduction and analysis of interobserver variability. J Orthop Trauma. 2010; 24(5):271-8.
9
Easton L. Hermann Johannes Pfannenstiel (1862-1909). Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1984;91(6):538-41.
10
Gray H. Gray’s Anatomy. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1985.
11
Raman J, Goldstein M. Intraoperative characterization of arterial vasculature in spermatic cord. Urology. 2004; 64(3):561-4.
12
Carilli S, Alper A, Emre A. Inguinal cord lipomas. Hernia. 2004;8(3):252-4.
13
Heller C, Marucci D, Dunn T, Barr E, Houang M, Dos Remedios C. Inguinal canal “lipoma”. Clin Anat. 2002;15(4):280-5.
14
Irwin T, McCoubrey A. Adult groin hernias. Surgery (Oxford). 2012;30(6):290-5.
15
Lilly M, Arregui M. Lipomas of the cord and round ligament. Ann Surg. 2002;235(4):586-90.
16
Nasr A, Tormey S, Walsh T. Lipoma of the cord and round ligament: an overlooked diagnosis?. Hernia. 2005;9(3):245-7.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Inguinal Abnormalities in Male Patients with Acetabular Fractures Treated Using an Ilioinguinal Exposure
Purpose: Surgeons performing an ilioinguinal exposure for acetabular fracture surgery need to be aware of aberrant findings such as inguinal hernias and spermatic cord lesions. The purpose of this study is to report these occurrences in a clinical series of adult males undergoing acetabular fracture fixation and a series of adult male cadavers. The secondary aim is to characterize these abnormalities to aid surgeons in detecting these abnormalities preoperatively and coordinating a surgical plan with a general surgeon.Methods: Clinical study- Retrospective review of treated acetabular fractures through an ilioinguinal approach. Incidence of inguinal canal and spermatic cord abnormalities requiring general surgery consultation were identified. Corresponding CT scans were reviewed and radiographic characteristics of the spermatic cord abnormalities and/or hernias were noted.Cadaveric study- 18 male cadavers dissected bilaterally using an ilioinguinal exposure. The inguinal canal and the contents of the spermatic cord were identified and characterized.Results: Clinical Study- 5.7% (5/87) of patients had spermatic cord lesion and/or inguinal hernia requiring general surgical intervention. Preoperative pelvic CT scan review identified abnormalities noted intraoperatively in four of the five patients. Cord lipomas visualized as enlargements of the spermatic cord with homogeneous density. Hernias visualized as enlarged spermatic cords with heterogeneous density. Cadaver Study- 31% (11/36) of cadavers studied had spermatic cord and/or inguinal canal abnormalities. Average cord diameter in those with abnormalities was 24.9 mm (15-28) compared to 16 mm (11-22) in normal cords, which was statistically significant.Conclusion: The clinical and cadaveric findings emphasize the importance of understanding inguinal abnormalities and the value of detecting them preoperatively. The preoperative pelvic CT scans were highly sensitive in detecting inguinal abnormalities.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4582_f813d75a7f51b54d6b43c562625561e2.pdf
2015-10-01
274
279
10.22038/abjs.2015.4582
INGUINAL ABNORMALITIES IN ACETABULAR FRACTURES
Reza
Firoozabadi
rezaf2@uw.edu
1
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Paul
Stafford
paulryanstafford@gmail.com
2
Orthopedic and Trauma Service of Oklahoma, Tulsa, OK USA
AUTHOR
Milton
Routt
chiproutt@gmail.com
3
Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX USA
AUTHOR
Letournel E. The treatment of acetabular fractures through the ilioinguinal approach. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1993; 292(292):62-76.
1
Routt MJ, Simonian PT, Swiontkowski M. Stabilization of pelvic ring disruptions. Orthop Clin North Am. 1997; 28(3):369-88.
2
Routt ML Jr, Swiontkowski MF. Operative treatment of complex acetabular fractures. Combined anterior and posterior exposures during the same procedure. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990; 72(6):897-904.
3
Gilbert A. An anatomic and functional classification for the diagnosis and treatment of inguinal hernia. Am J Surg. 1989; 157(3):331-3.
4
Bissada NK, Redman JF. Unusual masses in the spermatic cord: report of six cases and review of the literature. South Med J. 1976; 69(11):1410-2.
5
Carilli S, Alper A, Emre A. Inguinal cord lipomas. Hernia. 2004; 8(3):252-4.
6
Heller CA, Marucc DD, Dunn T, Barr EM, Houang M, Dos Remedios C. Inguinal canal “lipoma”. Clin Anat. 2002; 15(4):280-5.
7
Lilly MC, Arregui ME. Ultrasound of the inguinal floor for evaluation of hernias. Surg Endosc. 2002; 16(4):659-62.
8
Lilly MC, Arregui ME. Lipomas of the cord and round ligament. Ann Surg. 2002; 235(4):586-90.
9
Nasr A, Tormey S, Walsh TN. Lipoma of the cord and round ligament: an overlooked diagnosis? Hernia. 2005; 9(3):245-7.
10
Letournel E, Judet R. Fractures of the Acetabulum. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media; 1993.
11
Carbonell JF, Sanchez JL, Peris RT, Ivorra JC, Del Bano MJ, Sanchez CS, et al. Risk factors associated with inguinal hernias: a case control study. Eur J Surg. 1993; 159(9):481-6.
12
van Wessem KJ, Simons MP, Plaisier PW, Lange JF. The etiology of indirect hernias: congenital and/or acquired? Hernia. 2003; 7(2):76-9.
13
Irwin T, McCoubrey A. Adult groin hernias. Surgery. 2012; 30(2):290-5.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Intravenous Morphine with Sublingual Buprenorphine in Management of Postoperative Pain after Closed Reduction Orthopedic Surgery
Background: Postoperative pain is a common side effect following surgery that can significantly reduce surgical quality and patient’s satisfaction. Treatment options are morphine and buprenorphine. We aimed to compare the efficacy of a single dose of intravenous morphine with sublingual buprenorphine in postoperative pain control following closed reduction surgery. Methods: This triple blind clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients referred for closed reduction orthopedic surgery. They were older than 18 years and in classes I and II of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) with an operation time of 30-90 minutes. Patients were divided into two groups of buprenorphine (4.5μg/kg sublingually) and morphine (0.2mg/kg intravenously). Baseline characteristics, vital signs, pain score, level of sedation and pharmacological side effects were recorded in the recovery room (at 0 and 30 minutes), and in the ward (at 3, 6 and 12 hours). SPSS version 19 software was used for data analysis and the significance level was set at P Results: Ninety patients were studied, 60 males and 30 females with a mean age of 37.7±16.2 years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline characteristics.Pain score in the morphine group was significantly higher than the buprenorphine group with an average score of 2.5 (P<0.001). Postoperative mean heart rate in the buprenorphine group was four beats lower than the morphine group (P<0.001). Also, in the buprenorphine 48.6% and in the morphine group 86.7% of cases were conscious in recovery (P=0.001) with a higher rate of pruritus in the latter group (P=0.001). Conclusion: Sublingual buprenorphine administration before anesthesia induction in closed reduction surgery can lead to better postoperative pain control in comparison to intravenous morphine. Due to simple usage and longer postoperative sedation, sublingual buprenorphine is recommended as a suitable drug in closed reduction surgery.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4700_d0f7f9c973fbf9e5c9d111fe90495133.pdf
2015-10-01
280
285
10.22038/abjs.2015.4700
Intravenous morphine
Orthopedic surgery
Patient Satisfaction
Post-operative pain
Sublingual buprenorphine
Ghasem
Soltani
soltanigh@mums.ac.ir
1
Cardiac Anesthesia Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahmood
Khorsand
khorsandm901@mums.ac.ir
2
Cardiac Anesthesia Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
ALireza
Sepehri Shamloo
sepehria871@mums.ac.ir
3
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Lida
Jarahi
jarahil@mums.ac.ir
4
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Nahid
Zirak
zirakn@mums.ac.ir
5
Cardiac Anesthesia Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Perkins FM, Kehlet H. Chronic pain as an outcome of surgery. A review of predictive factors. Anesthesiology. 2000; 93(4):1123-33.
1
Wu CL, Fleisher LA. Outcomes research in regional anesthesia and analgesia. Anesth Analg. 2000; 91(5):1232-42.
2
Maunuksela EL, Korpela R, Olkkola KT. Comparison of buprenorphine with morphine in the treatment of postoperative pain in children. Anesth Analg. 1988; 67(3):233-9.
3
Sarton E, Olofsen E, Romberg R, den Hartigh J, Kest B, Nieuwenhuijs D, et al. Sex differences in morphine analgesia: An experimental study in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology. 2000; 93(5):1245-54.
4
Kaziuhiko F. Opioids. In: Miller RD, Eriksson LI. editors. Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
5
Hurley RW, Wu CL. Acute Postoperative Pain. In: Miller RD, Eriksson LI. editors. Miller’s Anesthesia. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2010.
6
Moa G, Zetterström H. Sublingual buprenorphine as postoperative analgesic: a double-blind comparison with pethidine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1990; 34(1):68-71.
7
Oifa S, Sydoruk T, White I, Ekstein MP, Marouani N, Chazan S, et al. Effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with buprenorphine and morphine alone and in combination during the first 12 postoperative hours: a randomized, double-blind, four-arm trial in adults undergoing abdominal surgery. Clin Ther. 2009; 31(3):527-41.
8
van den Berg AA, Honjol NM, Prabhu NV, Datta S, Rozario CJ, Muraleedaran R, et al. Analgesics and ENT surgery. A clinical comparison of the intraoperative, recovery andpostoperative effects of buprenorphine, diclofenac, fentanyl, morphine, nalbuphine, pethidineand placebo given intravenously with induction of anaesthesia. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994; 38(6):533-43.
9
Risbo A, Chraemmer Jørgensen B, Kolby P, Pedersen J, Schmidt JF. Sublingual buprenorphine for premedication and postoperative pain relief in orthopaedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1985; 29(2):180-2.
10
Brodbelt DC, Taylor PM, Stanway GW. A comparison of preoperative morphine and buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia forarthrotomy in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1997; 20(4):284-9.
11
Gaitini L, Moskovitz B, Katz E, Vaisberg A, Vaida S, Nativ O. Sublingual buprenorphine compared to morphine delivered by a patient-controlled analgesia system as postoperative analgesia after prostatectomy. Urol Int. 1996; 57(4):227-9.
12
Capogna G, Celleno D, Sebastiani M, Costantino P, Reggio S. [Continuous intravenous infusion with patient-controlled anesthesia for postoperative analgesia in cesarean section: morphine versus buprenorphine]. Minerva Anestesiol. 1989; 55(1-2):33-8.
13
Bradley JP. A comparison of morphine and buprenorphine for analgesia after abdominal surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 1984; 12(4):303-10.
14
Dingus DJ, Sherman JC, Rogers DA, DiPiro JT, May R, Bowden TA Jr. Buprenorphine versus morphine for patient-controlled analgesia after cholecystectomy. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1993; 177(1):1-6.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Correlation Between MRI and Arthroscopic Pathologic Findings in the Shoulder Joint
Background: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging for shoulder joint pathologies and then compare the results with arthroscopy, the standard for joint diagnosis. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 80 patients with shoulder joint disorders, who underwent final arthroscopy, were studied. Based on patients’ medical history and physical examinations, shoulder MRI was requested if paraclinical investigations were. If non-surgical therapies failed, arthroscopy of the affected shoulder was done and the same structures were inspected. Subsequently, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV) and (NPV) of MRI were determined by arthroscopy comparisons. Results: The highest sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were found in MRI pathology reports that included: Hill-Sach lesion (0.910), infraspinatus tendon (0.985), supraspinatus tendon (0.930), and biceps tendon (0.954), respectively. Rotator interval (0.250), biceps labrum complex (0.805), subscapularis tendon (0.538) and anterior labrum lesions (0.604) had the lowest sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that MRI can be a useful tool in ruling out possible abnormalities in the shoulder and to give clues to the most probable diagnosis. Although knowing some practical skills in order to successfully perform the procedure and experience of the radiologist with suitable feedback by surgeon is necessary.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4505_bc2f1491d44c6f442f13c80b489e0efc.pdf
2015-10-01
286
290
10.22038/abjs.2015.4505
Arthroscopy
MRI
sensitivity
shoulder
specificity
Omid
Momenzadeh
momenzadeh_o@yahoo.com
1
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Chamran Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohamad
Gerami
dr.h.gerami@gmail.com
2
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Chamran Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sepideh
Sefidbakht
sepidehsepidbakht@yahoo.com
3
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Chamran Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Sakineh
Dehghani
dehghanis90@gmail.com
4
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Chamran Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Burkhart SS, Sanders TG, Denard PJ, Parsley BK. MRI and arthroscopy correlations of the shoulder: a case-based approach. Instr Course Lect. 2012; 61(2):185-200.
1
Halma JJ, Eshuis R, Krebbers YM, Weits T, de Gast A. Interdisciplinary inter-observer agreement and accuracy of MR imaging of the shoulder with arthroscopic correlation. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012; 132(3):311-20.
2
Nam EK, Snyder SJ. The diagnosis and treatment of superior labrum, anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions. Am J Sports Med. 2003; 31(5):798-810.
3
Hegedus EJ, Goode AP, Cook CE, Michener L, Myer CA, Myer DM, et al. Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. Br J Sports Med. 2012; 46(14):964-78.
4
Hanchard NC, Lenza M, Handoll HH, Takwoingi Y. Physical tests for shoulder impingements and local lesions of bursa, tendon or labrum that may accompany impingement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 4(7):7427.
5
Malhi AM, Khan R. Correlation between clinical diagnosis and arthroscopic findings of the shoulder. Postgrad Med J. 2005; 81(960):657-9.
6
Hegedus EJ, Goode A, Campbell S, Morin A, Tamaddoni M, Moorman CT, et al. Physical examination tests of the shoulder: a systematic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42(2):80-92.
7
Sharma P, Morrison WB, Cohen S. Imaging of the shoulder with arthroscopic correlation. Clin Sports Med. 2013; 32(3):339-59.
8
Lenza M, Buchbinder R, Takwoingi Y, Johnston RV, Hanchard NC, Faloppa F. Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography and ultrasonography for assessing rotator cuff tears in people with shoulder pain for whom surgery is being considered. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 24(9):9020.
9
Della Sala SW, Bianchini G. [Magnetic resonance in the study of the painful shoulder. The surgical comparison in 30 consecutive cases]. Radiol Med. 1996; 91(4):348-55.
10
Vlychou M, Dailiana Z, Fotiadou A, Papanagiotou M, Fezoulidis IV, Malizos K. Symptomatic partial rotator cuff tears: diagnostic performance of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging with surgical correlation. Acta Radiol. 2009; 50(1):101-5.
11
Kaplan PA, Bryans KC, Davick JP, Otte M, Stinson WW, Dussault RG. MR imaging of the normal shoulder: variants and pitfalls. Radiology. 1992; 184(2):519-24.
12
Tuckman GA. Abnormalities of the long head of the biceps tendon of the shoulder: MR imaging findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994; 163(5):1183-8.
13
Boden BP, Hanks GA, Chesnick RM. Diagnosis of biceps tendon dislocation by kinematic magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Orthop. 1996; 25(10):709-11.
14
Monu JU, Pope TL Jr, Chabon SJ, Vanarthos WJ. MR diagnosis of superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) injuries of the glenoid labrum: value of routine imaging without intraarticular injection of contrast material. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1994; 163(6):1425-9.
15
Hodler J, Kursunoglu-Brahme S, Snyder SJ, Cervilla V, Karzel RP, Schweitzer ME, et al. Rotator cuff disease: assessment with MR arthrography versus standard MR imaging in 36 patients with arthroscopic confirmation. Radiology. 1992; 182(2):431-6.
16
Jee WH, McCauley TR, Katz LD, Matheny JM, Ruwe PA, Daigneault JP. Superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesions of the glenoid labrum: reliability and accuracy of MR arthrography for diagnosis. Radiology. 2001; 218(1):127-32.
17
Zlatkin MB. MRI of the shoulder. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2003; Chapter 7.
18
Cvitanic O, Tirman PF, Feller JF, Bost FW, Minter J, Carroll KW. Using abduction and external rotation of the shoulder to increase the sensitivity of MR arthrography in revealing tears of the anterior glenoid labrum. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997; 169(3):837-44.
19
Sheridan K, Kreulen C, Kim S, Mak W, Lewis K, Marder R. Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose superior labrum anterior-posterior tears. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2014; 2(2):1-6.
20
Kautzner J, Smetana P, Krotka I, Kos P, Frei R, Trc T. [Shoulder joint disorder: correlation of findings by arthroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging]. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2008; 75(3):190-5.
21
Robertson PL, Schweitzer ME, Mitchell DG, Schlesinger F, Epstein RE, Frieman BG, et al. Rotator cuff disorders: interobserver and intraobserver variation in diagnosis with MR imaging. Radiology. 1995; 194(3):831-5.
22
Kirkley A, Litchfield R, Thain L, Spouge A. Agreement between magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic evaluation of the shoulder joint in primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Clin J Sport Med. 2003; 13(3):148-51.
23
Hodler J, Kursunoglu-Brahme S, Flannigan B, Snyder SJ, Karzel RP, Resnick D. Injuries of the superior portion of the glenoid labrum involving the insertion of the biceps tendon: MR imaging findings in nine cases. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992; 159(3):565-8.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bacille Calmette-Guérin osteomyelitis
Background: Tuberculosis is an essential problem for healthcare systems especially in developing countries . All newborns are given Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in Iran which is prepared from live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, and is given to protect against tuberculosis. Osteomyelitis secondary to BCG vaccination is rare and usually involves epiphysis of long tubular bones. Methods: 4 patients, 3 males and a female entered this study and were between 11 to 24 months old. The involved bones were first metatarsi, talus, humerus and tibia bone. The main radiologic finding was lytic lesion with cortical destruction and periosteal reaction. Results: 3 patients underwent core needle biopsy and the one with the proximal tibia involvement, underwent open surgery. Pathology report suggested granulomatous osteomyelitis and typical caseous necrosis compatible with tuberculosis. Surgical treatment for these patients was curettage and debridement of the bone lesion and involved tissues around. The patients got standard anti TB pharmacotherapy, were completely cured and no short term complication was seen in a one year follow up. Conclusion: BCG osteomyelitis and cold abscess, should be kept in mind when assessing a child presenting chronic symptoms like pain, limping or local swelling of extremities. The long interval time between BCG vaccination and outbreak of the culture-negative abscess is a major point which emphasizes on pathologic evaluation. Imageguided tissue biopsy and PCR studies confirm diagnosis. Early use of a surgical curettage and debridement along with chemotherapy soon afterwards, enabled these children to enjoy a satisfactory clinical outcome.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4825_6d34d9a54cd9ab3d3fb5b1fe68ce73a4.pdf
2015-10-01
291
295
10.22038/abjs.2015.4825
BCG
Cold abscess
Needle biopsy
Osteomyelitis
Mohammad
GHarehdaghi
gharahdaghim@mums.ac.ir
1
Mashhad University of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hassani
drmhasani57@sbmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Elaheh
Ghodsi
ela.ghodsi@gmail.com
3
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Khooei
khooeiar@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Moayedpour
moayedpoura@gmail.com
5
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
References
1
Aribasa OK, Kanatb F, Gormusc N, Turk E. Cold abscess of the chest wall as an unusual complication of BCG vaccination. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002; 21(2):352–4.
2
Lugosi L. Theoretical and methodological aspects of BCG vaccine from the discovery of
3
Calmette and Guerin to molecular biology: A review. Tuber Lung Dis. 1992; 73(5):252-61.
4
Hengster P, Solder B, Fille M, Menardi G. Surgical treatment of bacillus Calmette Guerin lymphadenitis. World J Surg. 1997; 21(5):520–3.
5
Talbot EA, Perkins MD, Silva SF, Feothingham R. Disseminated bacille Calmette-Guerin disease after vaccination: Case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1997; 24(6):1139–46.
6
Brewer TF. Preventing tuberculosis with bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccine: a meta-analysis of the literature. Clin Infect Dis. 2000; 31(Suppl 3):S64–7.
7
Chan PK, Ng BK, Wong CY. Bacille Calmette-Guérin osteomyelitis of the proximal femur. Hong Kong Med J. 2010; 16(3):223-6.
8
Geissler W, Pumberger W, Wurnig P, Stuhe O. BCG osteomyelitis as a rare case of mediastinal tumor in a one-year-old child. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1992; 2(2):118–21.
9
Simila S, Liedes E, Kinnunen P. Sternal abscess as a complication of BCG-revaccination. Tubercle. 1988; 69(1):67–9.
10
Bergdahl S, Felländer M, Robertson B. BCG osteomyelitis: experience in the Stockholm region over the years 1961-1974. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1976; 58(2):212-6.
11
Berges O, Boccon-Gibod L, Berger JP, Fauré C. Case report 165: BCG-osteomyelitis of the proximal end of the humerus with an abscess dissecting into the deltoid muscle. Skeletal Radiol. 1981; 7(1):75-7.
12
Erikson U, Hjelmstedt A. Roentgenologic aspects of BCG osteomyelitis. Radiology. 1971; 101(3):575-8.
13
Vohra R, Kang HS, Dogra S, Saggar RR, Sharma R. Tuberculous osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1997; 79(4):562-6.
14
Kröger L, Korppi M, Brander E, Kroger H, Wasz-Hockert O, Backman A, et al. Osteitis caused by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination: a retrospective analysis of 222 cases. J Infect Dis. 1995; 172(2):574-6.
15
Sharifi SR, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Ahmadzadeh-Chabok H, Khajeh-Mozaffari J. Closed total talus dislocation without fracture: a case report. Cases J. 2009; 2:9132.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Unusual Presentation of Synovial Sarcoma as Meniscal Cyst: A Case Report
Periarticular cyst and cystic soft tissue lesion around the knee are common. Synovial sarcoma is a rare and malignant soft tissue tumor accounting for approximately 5% of soft tissue sarcoma. A case is presented where a lesion adjacent to the joint line of the knee was diagnosed clinically and on imaging as a meniscal cyst. MRI signal was homogenous and no concomitant meniscal tears were seen. The tissue diagnosis was monophasic synovial sarcoma.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4657_181636675b649a0a9a2d78696afeb724.pdf
2015-10-01
296
299
10.22038/abjs.2015.4657
knee
Meniscal cyst
Synovial sarcoma
Khodamorad
Jamshidi
jamshidi_k@yahoo.com
1
ShafaYahyaian Hopital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hooman
Yahazadeh
yahyazadehhooman@yahoo.com
2
ShafaYahyaian Hopital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Bagherifard
bagherifd@gmail.com
3
ShafaYahyaian Hopital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
McCarthy CL, McNally EG. The MRI appearance of cystic lesions around the knee. Skeletal Radiol. 2004; 33(4):187-209.
1
Telischak NA, Wu JS, Eisenberg RL. Cysts and cystic-appearing lesions of the knee: A pictorial essay. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2014; 24(2):182-91.
2
Mountney J, Thomas NP. When is a meniscal cyst not a meniscal cyst? Knee. 2004; 11(2):133-6.
3
Jones BC, Sundaram M, Kransdorf MJ. Synovial sarcoma: MR imaging findings in 34 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993; 161(4):827-30.
4
Heckman J, Witkiewicz A, Berger AC. Cystic synovial sarcoma of the lower extremity: A case report and review of the literature. Surg Sci. 2011; 2(2):62-5.
5
Seger BM, Woods GW. Arthroscopic management of lateral meniscal cysts. Am J Sports Med. 1986; 14(2):105–8.
6
Ryu RK, Ting AJ. Arthroscopic treatment of meniscal cysts. Arthroscopy. 1993; 9(5):591–5.
7
Tasker AD, Ostlere SJ. Relative incidence and morphology of lateral and medial meniscal cysts detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Radiol. 1995; 50(11):778–81.
8
Cadman NL, Soule EH, Kelly PJ. Synovial sarcoma: an analysis of 134 tumors. Cancer. 1965; 18(5):613–27.
9
Ishida T, Iijima T, Moriyama S, Nakamura C, Kitagawa T, Machinami R. Intra-articular calcifying synovial sarcoma mimicking synovial chondromatosis. Skeletal Radiol. 1996; 25(8):766–9
10
Jones BC, Sundaram M, Kransdorf MJ: Synovial sarcoma: MR imaging findings in 34 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993; 161(4):827-30.
11
Nakanishi H, Araki N, Sawai Y, Kudawara I, Mano M, Ishiguro S, et al. Cystic synovial sarcomas: imaging features with clinical and histopathologic correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 2003; 32(12):701–7.
12
Fisher C. Synovial sarcoma. Ann Diagn Pathol. 1998; 2(6):401-21.
13
Stein D, Cantlon M, Mackay B, Hoelscher C. Cysts about the knee: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013; 21(8):469-79.
14
Mills CA, Henderson IJ. Cysts of the medial meniscus. Arthroscopic diagnosis and management. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993; 75(2):293-8.
15
De Maeseneer M, Shahabpour M, Vanderdood K, Machiels F, De Ridder F, Osteaux M. MR imaging of meniscal cysts: Evaluation of location and extension using a three-layer approach. Eur J Radiol. 2001; 39(2):117-24.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First Carpometacarpal Joint Dislocation and Review of Literatures
Dislocation of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) is a rare occurrence. Treatment of this dislocation varies from closed reduction and casting to ligament repair. Neglected dislocation or incomplete reduction of the 1st CMC cause chronic instability and painful arthritis, muscle imbalance and decreased grip force. In our study 6 patients is evaluated that were visited in less than 24 hours from their injury. All were primarily reduced and except one patient later injured ligament were repaired. All patient after 6 months had normal range of motion without pain and they had not any complaint. Stability at the 1st CMC joint is dependent on static and dynamic forces. However, dislocation of the 1st CMC occur rare, but important function of the thumb specially in gripping and grasping makes it a significant problem. Injured ligament should repair for increased stability of 1st CMC joint, because neglected dislocation or incomplete reduction cause chronic instability and painful arthritis.
https://abjs.mums.ac.ir/article_4586_d0e3e38135ef66392f96364c1791cf7f.pdf
2015-10-01
300
303
10.22038/abjs.2015.4586
FIRST CMC JOINT DISLOCATION
Farivar
Lahiji
farivarlahiji@yahoo.com
1
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Reza
Zandi
reza.zandi.md@gmail.com
2
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Arash
Maleki
arashmal@yahoo.com
3
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akhtar Hospital, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
References
1
Hove LM. Fractures of the hand. Distribution and relative incidence. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1993; 27(4):317–9.
2
Watt N, Hooper G. Dislocation of the trapezio-metacrpal joint. J Hand Surg Br. 1987; 12(2):242-5.
3
Henry M. Hand fractures and dislocations. In: Bucholz R, Court-brown C, Heckman J (editors). Rockwood and green’s fractures in adults. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott williams & wilkins. 2010; P 600-709.
4
Strauch RJ, Behrman MJ, Rosenwasser MP. Acute dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: an anatomic and cadaver study. J Hand Surg Am. 1994; 19(1):93-8.
5
Calandruccio J, Jobe M. Fractures, Dislocations, and Ligamentous Injuries. In: Canale T, Beaty J (editors). Campbell’s operative orthopaedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pennstlvania: Mosby Elsevier. 2008; p. 3929-31.
6
Glickel S, Barron A, Catalano L. Dislocations and ligament injuries in the digits. In: Green D, Hotchkiss R, Pederson W, Wolfe S (editors). Green’s operative hand surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pennstlvania: Churchill livingstone. 2005; p.382-6.
7
Sawalha S. Volar dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint: A case report. Injury extra. 2008; 39(10):332-4.
8
Farzan M, Siassi M, Espandar R. Thumb carpometacarpal joint volar dislocation: A case report. Acta Med Iran. 2002; 40(1):52-4.
9
Pizon AF, Wang HE. Carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb. J Emerg Med. 2010; 38(3):376–7.
10
Ahmad S, Plancher KD. Carpometacarpal dislocations of the fingers. Operat Tech Sport Med. 1996; 4(4):257-67.
11
Black DM, Watson HK, Vender MI. Arthroplasty of ulnar carpometacarpal joints. J Hand surg Am. 1987; 12(6):1071-4.
12
Green DP. Dislocations and ligamentous injuries of the hand. Surg Musculoskelet system. 1990; 1(1):385-448.
13
Gunther SF. The carpometacarpal joints. Orthop Clin North Am. 1984; 15(2):259-77.
14
Gore DR. Carpometacarpal dislocation producing compression of the deep branch of ulnar nerve. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1971; 53(7):1387-90.
15
Strauch RJ, Behrman MJ, Rosenwasser MP. Acute dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb: an anatomic and cadaver study. J Hand Surg Am.1994; 19(1):93-8.
16
Imaeda T, An KN, Cooney WP 3rd, Linscheid R. Anatomy of trapeziometacarpal ligament. J Hand Surg Am. 1993; 18(2):226-31.
17
Chen VT. Dislocation of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb. J Hand Surg Br. 1987; 12(2):246-51.
18
Pizon AF, Wang HE. Carpometacarpal dislocation of the thumb. J Emerg Med. 2010; 38(3):376-7.
19
Glickel SZ, Barron OA, Catalano LW. Dislocations and ligament injuries in the digits. In: Green DP, Pederson WC, Hotchkiss RN, Wolfe SW, Roselius E (editors). Green’s operative hand surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone; 2005.
20
Klein DM, Belsole RJ. Percutaneous treatment of carpal, metacarpal, and phalangeal injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000; 375(2):116–25.
21
Simonian PT, Trumble TE. Traumatic dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal joint: early ligamentous reconstruction versus closed reduction and pinning. J Hand Surg Am. 1996: 21(5):802-6.
22
Jeong C, Kim HM, Lee SU, Park IJ. Bilateral Carpometacarpal Joint Dislocations of the Thumb. Clin Orthop Surg. 2012; 4(3):246-8.
23
Iyengar K, Gandham S, Nadkarni J, Loh W. Modified Eaton-Littler’s Reconstruction for Traumatic Dislocation of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb—A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Hand Microsurg. 2013; 5(1):36–42.
24