Diagnostic Value of Radiographic Singh Index Compared to Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scan in Diagnosing Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review

Document Type : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Authors

1 Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran

2 Rheumatic Disease Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science Mashhad, Iran

10.22038/abjs.2023.70632.3309

Abstract

Objectives: Since various medications can control the rate of fractures and subsequent complications 
of osteoporosis, the early detection of the disease is crucial. This systematic study aimed to compare 
the diagnostic accuracy of Singh index (SI) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as a 
benchmark standard for diagnosing osteoporosis.
Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) were utilized in the 
current study. A detailed search was carried out using PubMed and Scopus from inception to 30 May 2022. 
Examining quality of the studies was performed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 
(QUADAS-2).
Results: A total of 22 studies were included. In general, 50% of the studies considered SI a poor screening tool for 
detecting osteoporosis due to a negligible inter-observer agreement between SI and DEXA or a poor correlation of 
SI with the bone mineral density (BMD) category or DEXA T-score. A moderate inter-observer agreement was 
reported for SI in 5 (55.6%) studies. Among the studies assessing the sensitivity and specificity of SI compared to 
DEXA (n=13), six studies estimated a low sensitivity for SI.
Conclusion: While there is supporting evidence indicating the potential usefulness of SI for predicting femoral neck 
fractures in individuals with suspected osteoporosis, numerous studies challenge its reliability and diagnostic value 
as a screening tool for identifying femoral neck osteoporosis. Further primary studies are required to verify the 
effectiveness of the SI index in identifying populations at risk of osteoporosis.
 Level of evidence: V

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
Volume 12, Issue 1
January 2024
Pages 1-11

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 April 2023
  • Revise Date: 02 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 29 October 2023

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