The Efficacy of Bone Wax in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Document Type : SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Authors

1 Saint Joseph University, Faculty of medicine, Beirut, Lebanon

2 1 Saint Joseph University, Faculty of medicine, Beirut, Lebanon 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon

10.22038/abjs.2024.73243.3392

Abstract

Objectives: This meta-analysis was conducted to study the hemostatic efficacy of bone wax in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) defined in this manuscript as total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar (page 1-20), and Scopus were searched updated to November 2023. Only comparative studies were included. The clinical outcomes evaluated were the transfusion rate, total blood loss, and the loss of hemoglobin on day 1, 3, and 5 post-operatively. Results: Only 3 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Bone wax was associated with a reduced transfusion rate (p=0.01), reduced total blood loss (p=0.001), and a decrease in hemoglobin loss on day 1 (p<0.00001), day 3 (p<0.0001), and day 5 (p<0.00001) after the surgery. Conclusion: Bone wax reduced the rate of transfusion, total blood loss, and hemoglobin loss after the surgery. This may induce a reduction the cost of correcting post-operative anemia as well as decrease hospital stay and improving functional outcomes in patients undergoing TJA. Better-conducted randomized controlled studies and cost-effectivity studies could strengthen these findings. Level of evidence: III

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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The Archives of Bone and Joint Surgery
Volume 12, Issue 5
May 2024
Pages 298-305

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History

  • Receive Date: 25 June 2023
  • Revise Date: 15 January 2024
  • Accept Date: 10 January 2024

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